Parsimony analyses consensus tree for phylogeny of anthracobunids from cladistic study by Cooper et al. (2014),[1] showing them (near the bottom) placed within Perissodactyla next to Desmostylia.
Anthracobunidae is an extinct family of stem perissodactyls that lived in the early to middle Eocene period. They were originally considered to be a paraphyletic family of primitive proboscideans[3] possibly ancestral to the Moeritheriidae and the desmostylians. The family has also thought to be ancestral to the Sirenia.[4]
They superficially resemble the Moeritheriidae in both size and cheek tooth morphology, but lack their characteristic tusks. They were relatively small, ranging in size from 1 to 2 m in length. They are known only from fragmentary remains (mainly teeth) from Eocene deposits of the northwestern part of the Indo-Pakistan subcontinent. Recently excavated fossils with well-preserved jaws and teeth demonstrate that these animals were either perissodactyls[1][5] or else part of a more primitive sister group to the perissodactyls.[6] The anthracobunids were probably amphibious and lived in marshy environments. Analyses of stable isotopes and long bone geometry suggest most anthracobunids fed on terrestrial vegetation, but lived near water.[1] The same cladistic analyses that prompted their new placement also imply that the semiaquatic marine desmostylians, another putative non-African afrotherian group, were closely related to the anthracobunids.[1][6]
^ abcdefCooper, L. N.; Seiffert, E. R.; Clementz, M.; Madar, S. I.; Bajpai, S.; Hussain, S. T.; Thewissen, J. G. M. (2014-10-08). "Anthracobunids from the Middle Eocene of India and Pakistan Are Stem Perissodactyls". PLOS ONE. 9 (10): e109232. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9j9232C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0109232. PMC 4189980. PMID 25295875.
^Anthracobunidae in the Paleobiology Database. Retrieved July 2013.
^Gheerbrant, E; D. Donming; P. Tassy (2005). "Paenungulata (Sirenia, Proboscidea, Hyracoidea, and Relatives)". In Kenneth D. Rose; J. David Archibald (eds.). The Rise of Placental Mammals: Origins and Relationships of the Major Extant Clades. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 84–105. ISBN 080188022X.
^Wells, N.A.; Gingerich, P.D. (1983). "Review of Eocene Anthracobunidae (Mammalia, Proboscidea) with a new genus and species, Jozaria palustris, from the Kuldana Formation of Kohat (Pakistan)" (PDF). Contrib. Mus. Pal. Univ. Michigan. 26 (7): 117–139. OCLC 742731409.
^Qiu, L. (2014-10-08). "Ancient "Oddball" Mammal Reshuffles Family Tree?". National Geographic Society. Archived from the original on 2014-10-11. Retrieved 2014-10-11.
^ abRose, K.D.; Holbrook, L.T.; et al. (2019). "Anatomy, relationships, and paleobiology of Cambaytherium (Mammalia, Perissodactylamorpha, Anthracobunia) from the Lower Eocene of western India". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 39 (sup1): 1–147. Bibcode:2019JVPal..39S...1R. doi:10.1080/02724634.2020.1761370. S2CID 226263139.
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Anthracobunidae is an extinct family of stem perissodactyls that lived in the early to middle Eocene period. They were originally considered to be a paraphyletic...
tentatively assigned to Perissodactyla, along with the Early Eocene family Anthracobunidae, which was considered a sister group to Tethytheria. Cladogram modified...
belong to this clade include Anthracobunia (including the families Anthracobunidae and Cambaytheriidae) known from the Paleogene of the Indian subcontinent...
despite their more primitive overall appearance. Desmostylia and Anthracobunidae have traditionally been placed among the afrotheres, but they may actually...
July 2013. Wells, N.A.; Gingerich, P.D. (1983). "Review of Eocene Anthracobunidae (Mammalia, Proboscidea) with a new genus and species, Jozaria palustris...
vegetation. N.A. Wells and P.D. Gingerich. 1983. Review of Eocene Anthracobunidae (Mammalia, Proboscidea) with a new genus and species, Jozaria palustris...
(2): 37–41. Wells, N.A.; Gingerich, P. D. (1983). "Review of Eocene Anthracobunidae (Mammalia, Proboscidea) with a new genus and species, Jozaria palustris...
Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Family: †Anthracobunidae Genus: †Obergfellia Cooper et al., 2014 Species O. occidentalis Cooper...
Parvorder †Desmostylia Family †Desmostylidae Parvorder Proboscidea Family †Anthracobunidae Family †Moeritheriidae Family †Numidotheriidae Family †Barytheriidae...
in the Pondaung Formation, Myanmar. It was originally assigned to Anthracobunidae (formerly considered proboscideans, now perissodactyls) making it the...
PMID 25295875. N.A. Wells and Philip D. Gingerich. 1983. Review of Eocene Anthracobunidae (Mammalia, Proboscidea) with a new genus and species, Jozaria palustris...
molar and was formerly classified as a sirenian. It was placed in Anthracobunidae in 1983 but this placement was rejected in a 2014 cladistic analysis...
et al. (2006). Its type is Indobune vastanensis. It was assigned to Anthracobunidae by Rose et al. (2006). However, in a 2014 cladistic analysis it was...
; Durrani, K. H.; Kassi, A. M.; Welcomme J.-L., Discovery of a new Anthracobunidae (Tethytheria, Mammalia) from the Lower Eocene lignite of the Kach-Harnai...
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