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The andesite line is the most significant regional geologic distinction in the Pacific Ocean basin. It separates the mafic basaltic volcanic rocks of the Central Pacific Basin from the partially submerged continental areas of more felsic andesitic volcanic rock on its margins. The andesite line parallels the subduction zones and deep oceanic trenches around the Pacific basin. It is the surface expression of melting within and above the plunging subducting slab. It follows the western edge of the islands off California and passes south of the Aleutian Arc, along the eastern edge of the Kamchatka Peninsula, the Kuril Islands, Japan, the Mariana Islands, Yap, Palau, the Solomon Islands, Fiji, Tonga, and New Zealand's North Island. The dissimilarity continues northeastward along the western edge of the Andes mountains of South America to Mexico, returning then to the islands off California. Indonesia, the Philippines, Japan, New Guinea, and New Zealand lie outside the andesite line.
Within the closed loop of the andesite line are most of the deep troughs, submerged volcanic mountains, and oceanic volcanic islands that characterize the Pacific basin. It is here that basaltic lavas gently flow out of rifts to build huge dome-shaped volcanic mountains whose eroded summits form island arcs, chains, and clusters. Outside the andesite line, volcanism is of the explosive type. The Pacific Ring of Fire runs parallel to the line and is the world's foremost belt of explosive volcanism.
The term andesite line predates the geologic understanding of plate tectonics. The term was first used in 1912 by New Zealand geologist Patrick Marshall to describe the distinct structural and volcanologic boundary extending from east of New Zealand to Fiji and north of the New Hebrides and the Solomon Islands.[1]
^Watters, W.A. (1996). "Marshall, Patrick". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. TeAra — The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
The andesiteline is the most significant regional geologic distinction in the Pacific Ocean basin. It separates the mafic basaltic volcanic rocks of...
Andesite (/ˈændəzaɪt/) is a volcanic rock of intermediate composition. In a general sense, it is the intermediate type between silica-poor basalt and silica-rich...
boundaries often referred to as the andesiteline since orogenic andesite is associated with this boundary. This line is often, but erroneously, confused...
New Guinea, and New Zealand lie outside the andesiteline. Within the closed loop of the andesiteline are most of the deep troughs, submerged volcanic...
andesitic volcanism in the surrounding volcanic arcs has been called the andesiteline. Back-arc basins form behind a volcanic arc and are associated with...
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Pacific Ocean.". In 1912, geologist Patrick Marshall introduced the term "AndesiteLine" to mark a boundary between islands in the southwest Pacific, which...
where the Australian and Pacific plates meet along a section of the andesiteline in the south-west Pacific: east of the NFB the Kermadec-Tonga Arc stretches...
destructive. Like the other islands in the archipelago, Malaita is near the Andesiteline and thus forms part of the Pacific Ring of Fire. Earthquakes are common...
platform of Pumapunku supported as many as eight andesite gateways. The fragments of five andesite gateways with similar characteristics to the Gateway...
Geological Survey of New Zealand. Patrick Marshall coined the terms andesiteline and ignimbrite in the early 1900s while working in the Taupō Volcanic...
include tholeiitic basalt, ferro-basalt, tholeiitic basaltic andesite, tholeiitic andesite, dacite and rhyolite. The variety of basalt in the series was...
majority are of intermediate composition (such as Santiaguito, dacite-andesite, present day) The characteristic dome shape is attributed to high viscosity...
just above the base. The fourth lift was the Andesite double, which climbed the north face of adjacent Andesite Mountain to 8,700 ft (2,650 m); it was renamed...
The Ica stones are a collection of andesite stones from the Ica Province in Peru, known for their engraved motifs. Largely regarded to be modern hoaxes...
called Misery Hill. It was formed 15,000 to 20,000 years ago from pyroxene andesite flows and has since been intruded by a hornblende dacite dome.[citation...
1936. It is made of iron and concrete and covered with cut and polished andesite stone. The monument was built to commemorate the first Geodesic Mission...
roughly into thirds, the Honshū side consists of volcanic rocks (notably andesite and basalt); the Hokkaido side consists of sedimentary rocks (notably Tertiary...
populations for thousands of years. McLoughlin consists largely of basaltic andesite. It underwent three major eruptive periods before its last activity took...
has been important in supplying the islands on the Tonga ridge with an andesite tephra soil that has resulted in "an extremely rich soil capable of supporting...
deposits on the western flank. The Mansion Series of pyroclastic deposits and andesite with basalt layers occur on the northern flank, along with mudflows. This...
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used, for example. Other source materials include chalcedony, quartzite, andesite, sandstone, chert, and shale. Even relatively soft rock such as limestone...