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Ancient Mesopotamian religion
Chaos Monster and Sun God
Religions of the ancient Near East
Anatolia
Ancient Egypt
Mesopotamia
Babylonia
Sumer
Iranian
Semitic
Arabia
Canaan
Primordial beings
Tiamat and Abzu
Lahamu and Lahmu
Kishar and Anshar
Mummu
Seven gods who decree
Four primary
Anu
Enlil
Enki
Ninhursag
Three sky gods
Inanna/Ishtar
Nanna/Sin
Utu/Shamash
Other major deities
Adad
Dumuzid
Enkimdu
Enmesharra
Ereshkigal
Ki
Kingu
Geshtinanna
Lahar
Marduk
Nergal
Ninurta
Šulpae
Minor deities
Agasaya
Anunnaki
Asaruludu
Ashnan
Ashgi
Bel
Dumuzi-abzu
Enbilulu
Erra
Erragal
Gibil
Hendursaga
Igigi
Isimud
Išum
Kajamanu
Lahar
Laṣ
Lisin
Lugala'abba
Mami/Nintu
Mamitu
Maštabba
Nabu
Namtar
Nanshe
Nindara
Ninmarki
Nisaba
Ninazu
Ningal
Ningirida
Ningirima
Ninkasi
Ninkilim
Ninlil
Ninmug
Ninšar
Ninsikila
Ninšubur
Ninsun
Nuska
Paniĝinĝarra
Sarpanit
Shul-utula
Šubula
Šulpae
Tišpak
Uttu
Demigods and heroes
Adapa
Enkidu
Enmerkar
Gilgamesh
Lugalbanda
Shamhat
Siduri
Atra-Hasis
Ziusudra
Apkallu (seven sages)
Spirits and monsters
Udug
Lamassu/Shedu
Asag
Edimmu
Siris
Anzû
Ušum
Bašmu
Mušmaḫḫū
Ušumgallu
Seven-headed serpent
Humbaba
Hanbi
Kur
Lamashtu
Lilu
Pazuzu
Rabisu
Tales
Myths
An = Anum
Atra-Hasis
Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta
Enūma Eliš
Epic of Gilgamesh
Terms
Dingir
Sukkal
v
t
e
The god Marduk and his dragon Mušḫuššu
Mesopotamian religion was the original religious beliefs and practices of the civilizations of ancient Mesopotamia, particularly Sumer, Akkad, Assyria and Babylonia between circa 6000 BC[1] and 400 AD. The religious development of Mesopotamia and Mesopotamian culture in general, especially in the south, were not particularly influenced by the movements of the various peoples into and throughout the area. Rather, Mesopotamian religion was a consistent and coherent tradition, which adapted to the internal needs of its adherents over millennia of development.[2]
The earliest undercurrents of Mesopotamian religious thought are believed to have developed in Mesopotamia in the 6th millennium BC, coinciding with the region beginning to be permanently settled.[1] The earliest evidence of Mesopotamian religion dates to the mid-4th millennium BC, coincides with the invention of writing, and involved the worship of forces of nature as providers of sustenance.[citation needed] In the 3rd millennium BC, objects of worship were personified and became an expansive cast of divinities with particular functions. The last stages of Mesopotamian polytheism, which developed in the 2nd and 1st millennia BC, introduced greater emphasis on personal religion and structured the gods into a monarchical hierarchy, with the national god being the head of the pantheon.[2] Mesopotamian religion finally declined with the spread of Iranian religions during the Achaemenid Empire and with the Christianization of Mesopotamia.
^ abSchneider, Tammi J. (2011). An Introduction to Ancient Mesopotamian Religion. Wm. B. Eerdmans. pp. 19–20. ISBN 978-0-8028-2959-7. Archived from the original on 31 July 2022. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
^ ab"Mesopotamian religion". Britannica. Archived from the original on 21 June 2018. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
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