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An American flag sort is an efficient, in-place variant of radix sort that distributes items into buckets. Non-comparative sorting algorithms such as radix sort and American flag sort are typically used to sort large objects such as strings, for which comparison is not a unit-time operation.[1]
American flag sort iterates through the bits of the objects, considering several bits of each object at a time. For each set of bits, American flag sort makes two passes through the array of objects: first to count the number of objects that will fall in each bin, and second to place each object in its bucket. This works especially well when sorting a byte at a time, using 256 buckets. With some optimizations, it is twice as fast as quicksort for large sets of strings.[1]
The name American flag sort comes by analogy with the Dutch national flag problem in the last step: efficiently partition the array into many "stripes".
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McIlroy, Peter M.; Bostic, Keith; McIlroy, M. Douglas (1993). "Engineering radix sort" (PDF). Computing Systems. 6 (1): 5–27.
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