Iranian protesters burning the flag of the United States along with a US Dollar in Tehran, November 2018
Death to America[a] is an anti-American political slogan widely used in North Korea, Iran,[1] Afghanistan,[2] Lebanon,[3] Yemen,[4] Iraq,[5][6] and Pakistan.[7][8] Originally used by North Korea since the Korean War,[9][10] Ruhollah Khomeini, the first supreme leader of Iran, popularized the term.[11] He opposed the chant for radio and television, but not for protests and other occasions.[1]
The literal meaning of the Persian phrase "Marg bar Âmrikâ" is "Death to America."
In most official Iranian translations, the phrase is translated into English as the less crude "Down with America."[12][13] The chant "Death to America" has come to be employed by various anti-American groups and protesters worldwide.[14]
Iranian officials generally explain that the slogan in its historical context has been provoked by the U.S. government's hostile policies towards Iran and expresses outrage at those policies, and does not wish for literal death for American people themselves.[15] In a speech to university students, Iran's Supreme Leader, Khamenei, interpreted the slogan as "death to the U.S.'s policies, death to arrogance."[16] Following a meeting with Army and Air Force commanders, Khamenei declared that the Iranian people are not against American people, but that "Death to America" means down with American leaders, in this case Donald Trump (President), John Bolton (National Security Advisor), and Mike Pompeo (Secretary of State).[17][18]
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
^ abArash Karami: Khomeini Orders Media to End 'Death to America' Chant Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine, Iran Pulse, October 13, 2013
^"Hezbollah Vows Anew to Target Americans". Los Angeles Times. 17 April 2003.
^"Yemen's 'Death to America' rebels bring calm to northern Yemen". The Christian Science Monitor. 28 October 2012.
^Hassan, Falih; Hubbard, Ben; Rubin, Alissa J. (2019-12-31). "Protesters Attack U.S. Embassy in Iraq, Chanting 'Death to America'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-07-28.
^Cite error: The named reference :1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Peshimam, Syed Raza Hassan, Gibran Naiyyar (2020-01-05). "Thousands protest in Pakistan over U.S. killing of Iranian commander". Reuters. Retrieved 2021-07-28.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^"Pakistan Stress Neutrality, Big Rally Protests Killing of Soleimani | Voice of America - English". www.voanews.com. 5 January 2020. Retrieved 2021-07-28.
^"North Korea's bold wave of propaganda art - in pictures". www.theguardian.com. 5 August 2019. Retrieved 2024-01-12.
^"North Korea Holds Mass Rally — Soldiers And Students Chant 'Death To US Imperialists'". www.businessinsider.com. 29 March 2013. Retrieved 2024-01-12.
^Philip Herbst (2003). Talking Terrorism: A Dictionary of the Loaded Language of Political Violence. p. 6. ISBN 9780313324864.
^"The politics of 'Death to America'". The Washington Post. 8 October 2013.
^"Iran's hardliners planning 'Death to America' rally on anniversary of US Embassy attack". The National. 22 October 2013.
^Herbst, p. 6-7
^""Death to America" and the Iran Deal". New Yorker. 30 July 2015.
^Melvin, Don (5 November 2015). "Iranian leader: 'Death to America' refers to policies, not the nation". CNN. Retrieved 9 December 2015.
^Erdbrink, Thomas (8 February 2019). "'Death to America' Means 'Death to Trump'". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 February 2019.
^"Down with USA' means down with Trump, Bolton, and Pompeo". english.khamenei. Retrieved 8 February 2019.
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