AlphaFold is an artificial intelligence (AI) program developed by DeepMind, a subsidiary of Alphabet, which performs predictions of protein structure.[1] The program is designed as a deep learning system.[2]
AlphaFold software has had three major versions. A team of researchers that used AlphaFold 1 (2018) placed first in the overall rankings of the 13th Critical Assessment of Structure Prediction (CASP) in December 2018. The program was particularly successful at predicting the most accurate structure for targets rated as the most difficult by the competition organisers, where no existing template structures were available from proteins with a partially similar sequence. A team that used AlphaFold 2 (2020) repeated the placement in the CASP14 competition in November 2020.[3] The team achieved a level of accuracy much higher than any other group.[2][4] It scored above 90 for around two-thirds of the proteins in CASP's global distance test (GDT), a test that measures the degree to which a computational program predicted structure is similar to the lab experiment determined structure, with 100 being a complete match, within the distance cutoff used for calculating GDT.[2][5]
AlphaFold 2's results at CASP14 were described as "astounding"[6] and "transformational".[7] Some researchers noted that the accuracy is not high enough for a third of its predictions, and that it does not reveal the mechanism or rules of protein folding for the protein folding problem to be considered solved.[8][9] Nevertheless, there has been widespread respect for the technical achievement, and analysis suggests that AlphaFold 2 is accurate enough to predict even single-mutation effects.[10] On 15 July 2021 the AlphaFold 2 paper was published in Nature as an advance access publication alongside open source software and a searchable database of species proteomes.[11][12][13] Alternatives to AlphaFold have emerged, such as ESMFold, OmegaFold, RoseTTAFold, IntFOLD, and RaptorX.[14] AlphaFold 3 was announced on 8 May 2024. Besides the improved accuracy on protein folding, it can also predict the structure and interactions of DNA, RNA, and of some ligands and ions.[15]
^"AlphaFold". Deepmind. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
^ abc"DeepMind's protein-folding AI has solved a 50-year-old grand challenge of biology". MIT Technology Review. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
^Shead, Sam (2020-11-30). "DeepMind solves 50-year-old 'grand challenge' with protein folding A.I." CNBC. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
^Stoddart, Charlotte (1 March 2022). "Structural biology: How proteins got their close-up". Knowable Magazine. doi:10.1146/knowable-022822-1. S2CID 247206999. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
^Robert F. Service, 'The game has changed.' AI triumphs at solving protein structures, Science, 30 November 2020
^Cite error: The named reference AlQuraishiTweet was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference :5 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Stephen Curry, No, DeepMind has not solved protein folding, Reciprocal Space (blog), 2 December 2020
^Balls, Phillip (9 December 2020). "Behind the screens of AlphaFold". Chemistry World.
^Cite error: The named reference :1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
2020, DeepMind made significant advances in the problem of protein folding with AlphaFold. In July 2022, it was announced that over 200 million predicted...
it was won by AlphaFold, an artificial intelligence program created by DeepMind. In November 2020, an improved version 2 of AlphaFold won CASP14. According...
"AlphaFold Protein Structure Database". alphafold.ebi.ac.uk. 2023-06-12. Archived from the original on 2023-06-13. Retrieved 2023-06-12. "AlphaFold Error...
been developed to predict protein folding and thus protein structure, for example, Itasser, and AlphaFold. AlphaFold was one of the first AIs to predict...
of AlphaFold 3, freely available on the AlphaFold server for non-commercial research. AlphaFold 3 is not limited to predicting how proteins fold, it...
China and North America. Technologies such as AlphaFold led to more accurate predictions of protein folding and improved the process of drug development...
the Royal Society, and has won many prestigious awards for his work on AlphaFold including the Breakthrough Prize, the Canada Gairdner International Award...
and predict how mutations affect folding kinetics and stability. In 2020 a team of researchers that used AlphaFold, an artificial intelligence (AI) program...
1038/s41586-021-03819-2. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 8371605. PMID 34265844. "AlphaFold Protein Structure Database". alphafold.ebi.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 24 July 2021...
, BERT and GPT models such as ChatGPT), the AlphaGo Zero system, the AlphaStar system, and the AlphaFold system. In 2012, AlexNet was developed for ILSVRC...
protein quaternary structure. One such development is AlphaFold-Multimer built upon the AlphaFold model for predicting protein tertiary structure. Protein...
prediction was significantly improved by a new machine learning method called AlphaFold. Some claim that computational approaches are starting to lead the field...
deepen the understanding of biomedically relevant pathways. For example, AlphaFold 2 (2021) demonstrated the ability to approximate, in hours rather than...
and previous research projects include: AlphaFold - breakthrough AI system for protein structure prediction AlphaTensor - a reinforcement learning agent...
CapitalG Google DeepMind AlphaFoldAlphaGo vs. Fan Hui vs. Ke Jie vs. Lee Sedol film Future of Go Summit AlphaGo Zero AlphaStar AlphaZero Master MuZero WaveNet...
95% chance of developing Alzheimer's disease. 8 May Google introduces AlphaFold 3, a new AI model for accurately predicting the structure of proteins...
killing five. Researchers at Google DeepMind announce the development of AlphaFold 3, an AI model that can predict the structures of almost all biological...
vitellogenin (Gene: VTG2; Uniprot: P02845; residues 1-1850) generated by AlphaFold, where all the possible phosphorylated serine residues are highlighted...
power virtual chat agents and predict the 3D structures of proteins like AlphaFold. FlagAI is an open-source extensible toolkit for large-scale model training...
blocks of AlphaFold, an artificial intelligence program developed by Google's DeepMind for solving the protein folding problem in biology. AlphaFold achieved...
space of possibilities, such as protein folding (see AlphaFold) or accurately simulating chemical reactions. AlphaGo's techniques are probably less useful...
Environment, without being pre-programmed with their rules. AlphaGo AlphaDev AlphaFoldAlphaGeometry General game playing MuZero Leela Chess Zero Pluribus...
beating Go champion". BBC News. BBC. 27 January 2016. Retrieved 5 June 2016. "AlphaGo". Google DeepMind. Google Inc. Retrieved 5 June 2016. Vaswani, Ashish;...
Microsoft-spinoff Xiaoice) and predict the 3D structures of proteins like AlphaFold. Wu Dao's development began in October 2020, several months after the...
representations such as SMILES representing DNA or proteins. These systems, such as AlphaFold, are used for protein structure prediction and drug discovery. Datasets...
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