This article is about the city. For other uses, see Aleppo (disambiguation).
"Halab" redirects here. For other uses, see Halab (disambiguation).
City in Syria
Aleppo
ﺣَﻠَﺐ
City
Ancient City of Aleppo Aleppo Citadel • The entrance to al-Madina Souq Great Mosque of Aleppo • Baron Hotel Saint Elijah Cathedral • Queiq River Panorama of Aleppo at night
Sources: Aleppo city area[3] Sources: City population[4][5][6][7]
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Official name
Ancient City of Aleppo
Type
Cultural
Criteria
iii, iv
Designated
1986 (10th session)
Reference no.
21
Region
Arab States
Aleppo (/əˈlɛpoʊ/ə-LEP-oh; Arabic: ﺣَﻠَﺐ, ALA-LC: Ḥalab, IPA:[ˈħalab]) is a city in Syria, which serves as the capital of the Aleppo Governorate, the most populous governorate of Syria.[8] With an estimated population of 2,098,000 residents as of 2021,[update][9] it was Syria's largest city until its population was surpassed by Damascus, the largest in Syria's northern governorates and also one of the largest cities in the Levant region.[10][11]
Aleppo is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world; it may have been inhabited since the sixth millennium BC.[12] Excavations at Tell as-Sawda and Tell al-Ansari, just south of the old city of Aleppo, show that the area was occupied by Amorites by the latter part of the third millennium BC.[13] That is also the time at which Aleppo is first mentioned in cuneiform tablets unearthed in Ebla and Mesopotamia, which speak of it as part of the Amorite state of Yamhad, and note its commercial and military importance.[14] Such a long history is attributed to its strategic location as a trading center between the Mediterranean Sea and Mesopotamia.
For centuries, Aleppo was the largest city in the Syrian region, and the Ottoman Empire's third-largest after Constantinople (now Istanbul) and Cairo.[15][16][17] The city's significance in history has been its location at one end of the Silk Road, which passed through Central Asia and Mesopotamia. When the Suez Canal was inaugurated in 1869, much trade was diverted to sea and Aleppo began its slow decline. At the fall of the Ottoman Empire after World War I, Aleppo lost its northern hinterland to modern Turkey, as well as the important Baghdad Railway connecting it to Mosul. In the 1940s it lost its main access to the sea, by Antakya and İskenderun, also to Turkey. The growth in importance of Damascus in the past few decades further exacerbated the situation. This decline may have helped to preserve the old city of Aleppo, its medieval architecture and traditional heritage. It won the title of the Islamic Capital of Culture 2006 and has had a wave of successful restorations of its historic landmarks. The Battle of Aleppo (2012–2016) occurred in the city during the Syrian Civil War, and many parts of the city had suffered massive destruction.[18][19] Affected parts of the city are currently undergoing reconstruction.[20][21] An estimated 31,000 people were killed in Aleppo during the conflict.[22]
^Almaany Team. "معنى كلمة شَهْباءُ في معجم المعاني الجامع والمعجم الوسيط – معجم عربي عربي – صفحة 1". almaany.com. Archived from the original on 22 June 2014. Retrieved 22 June 2014.
^"Aleppine". Lexico. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 13 February 2017. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
^Cite error: The named reference Syr-news1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS). Aleppo Subdistrict Population Archived 20 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
^"'Ferocious' air strikes pummel Aleppo as ground gained". Al Jazeera. 24 September 2016. Archived from the original on 6 October 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
^"Syrian Arab Republic: Aleppo Situation Report No. 14 (20 January 2017) – Highlights of the Report of the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs". 21 January 2017. Archived from the original on 5 February 2017. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
^"Aleppo population 2021". worldpopulationreview.com. Archived from the original on 12 June 2022. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
^"Syrian Arab republic". UN Data. 24 October 1945. Archived from the original on 7 March 2012. Retrieved 11 March 2012.
^"Population of Aleppo from 1950-2022". Macrotrends. Archived from the original on 21 August 2022. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
^Aleppo city population Archived 2012-05-20 at the Wayback Machine
^"بـ 4.6 ملايين نسمة .. محافظة حلب الأعلى سكانياً في سورية | عكس السير دوت كوم". Archived from the original on 17 September 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
^Gábor Ágoston; Bruce Alan Masters (2010). Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. Infobase Publishing. p. 30. ISBN 978-1-4381-1025-7. Archived from the original on 4 July 2014. Retrieved 12 October 2015.
^Russell, Alexander (1794), The Natural History of Aleppo, 2nd Edition, Vol. I, pp. 1–2 Archived 29 October 2019 at the Wayback Machine
^Gaskin, James J. (1846), Geography and sacred history of Syria Archived 29 October 2019 at the Wayback Machine, pp. 33–34
^"Collections – Aga Khan Collection – Aga Khan Historic Cities Programme – Aleppo Citadel Restoration". Archnet. Archived from the original on 23 May 2014. Retrieved 13 July 2014.
^"The Destruction of Aleppo: The Impact of the Syrian War on a World Heritage City". Cultural Heritage and Mass Atrocities. 20 September 2022. Retrieved 12 October 2022.[permanent dead link]
^Jansen, Michael. "Aleppo rebuilds itself from destruction of war". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 5 December 2017.
^Al Burai, Ahmed. "Aleppo looks to rebuild after years of war". TRT World. Archived from the original on 5 December 2017.
^"Aleppo: Latest Killed". Center for Documentation of Violations in Syria. Archived from the original on 5 December 2018. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
Cite error: There are <ref group=note> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=note}} template (see the help page).
Aleppo (/əˈlɛpoʊ/ ə-LEP-oh; Arabic: ﺣَﻠَﺐ, ALA-LC: Ḥalab, IPA: [ˈħalab]) is a city in Syria, which serves as the capital of the Aleppo Governorate, the...
The Aleppo pepper (Arabic: فلفل حلبي, ALA-LC: fulful Ḥalabī; Turkish: Halep biberi) is a moderately spicy variety of Capsicum annuum used as a spice, particularly...
Aleppo soap (also known as savon d'Alep, laurel soap, Syrian soap, or ghar soap, the Arabic word غَار, meaning 'laurel') is a handmade, hard bar soap associated...
Citadel of Aleppo (Arabic: قلعة حلب, romanized: Qalʿat Ḥalab) is a large medieval fortified palace in the centre of the old city of Aleppo, northern Syria...
The Beekeeper of Aleppo is a 2019 novel by Christy Lefteri. It deals with the plight of refugees from Aleppo in Syria to Europe during the Syrian Civil...
Siege of Aleppo or Battle of Aleppo may refer to: Siege of Aleppo (637), during the Arab–Byzantine wars Sack of Aleppo (962), during the Arab–Byzantine...
The Aleppo Codex (Hebrew: כֶּתֶר אֲרָם צוֹבָא, romanized: Keṯer ʾĂrām-Ṣōḇāʾ, lit. 'Crown of Aleppo') is a medieval bound manuscript of the Hebrew Bible...
The Ancient City of Aleppo (Arabic: مدينة حلب القديمة, romanized: Madīnat Ḥalab al-Qadīma) is the historic city centre of Aleppo, Syria. Prior to the Syrian...
Aleppo Room (Arabic: الغرفة الحلبيَّة, Al-Ġurfah Al-Ḥalabiyyah) is the paneling of a reception room, or qa’a, from a residential building in Aleppo,...
The Vilayet of Aleppo (Ottoman Turkish: ولايت حلب, romanized: Vilâyet-i Halep; Arabic: ولاية حلب[citation needed]) was a first-level administrative division...
Aleppo Governorate (Arabic: محافظة حلب / ALA-LC: Muḥāfaẓat Ḥalab / [muˈħaːfaðˤat ˈħalab]) is one of the fourteen governorates of Syria. It is the most...
medical clinics in Syria's Aleppo Governorate. Four were in Aleppo and one in Atarib, along with and a blood bank in Aleppo, killing at least five people...
Aleppo Arabic or Aleppine Arabic is the urban Arabic variety spoken in the city of Aleppo. Aleppo Arabic is characterised by the usage of /d͡ʒ/ instead...
Pinus halepensis, commonly known as the Aleppo pine, also known as the Jerusalem pine, is a pine native to the Mediterranean region. It was officially...
The Aleppo school was a school of icon painting, founded by the priest Yusuf al-Musawwir (also known as Joseph the Painter) and active in Aleppo, which...
The Aleppo Codex: A True Story of Obsession, Faith, and the Pursuit of an Ancient Bible is a 2012 book by Matti Friedman published by Algonquin. The book...
Sanjak's capital. Aleppo Sanjak had many cities: Aleppo, İskenderun, Antakya, Belen, Idlib, Al-Bab and Jisr al-Shughur. The territory of Aleppo Sanjak was divided...
The 2016 Aleppo summer campaign started with a military operation launched on the northern outskirts of Aleppo in late June 2016, by the Syrian Arab Army...
The State of Aleppo (French: État d'Alep; Arabic: دولة حلب Dawlat Ḥalab) was one of the six states that were established by the French High Commissioner...
University of Aleppo (Arabic: جَامِعَة حَلَب, romanized: Jāmiʿat Ḥalab, also called Aleppo University) is a public university located in Aleppo, Syria. It...
Mosque of Aleppo (Arabic: جَـامِـع حَـلَـب الْـكَـبِـيْـر, Jāmi‘ Ḥalab al-Kabīr) is the largest and one of the oldest mosques in the city of Aleppo, Syria...
Paul (Yazigi) of Aleppo (Arabic: بولس اليازجي, romanized: Būlus al-Yāzijī; born 1959) was the metropolitan of the archdiocese of Aleppo, Syria, under the...
Aleppo (Halab) Today (Arabic: قناة حلب اليوم) is a television news channel, unofficially associated with Syrian opposition. The channel's broadcast features...
1182, Saladin had completed the conquest of Islamic Syria after capturing Aleppo, but failed to take over the Zengid stronghold of Mosul. Under Saladin's...