Acetylcysteine, also known as N-acetylcysteine (NAC), is a medication that is used to treat paracetamol overdose and to loosen thick mucus in individuals with chronic bronchopulmonary disorders like pneumonia and bronchitis.[7] It has been used to treat lactobezoar in infants. It can be taken intravenously, by mouth, or inhaled as a mist.[7] Some people use it as a dietary supplement.[10][11]
Common side effects include nausea and vomiting when taken by mouth.[7] The skin may occasionally become red and itchy with any route of administration.[7] A non-immune type of anaphylaxis may also occur.[7] It appears to be safe in pregnancy.[7] For paracetamol overdose, it works by increasing the level of glutathione, an antioxidant that can neutralise the toxic breakdown products of paracetamol.[7] When inhaled, it acts as a mucolytic by decreasing the thickness of mucus.[12]
Acetylcysteine was initially patented in 1960 and came into medical use in 1968.[13][14][15] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[16][17] It is available as a generic medication.[18]
The sulfur-containing amino acids cysteine and methionine are more easily oxidized than the other amino acids.[19][20]
^"TGA eBS - Product and Consumer Medicine Information Licence".
^"Acetylcysteine (Omegapharm)". Healthdirect Australia. 30 November 2022. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
^"Acepiro 600 mg effervescent tablets - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". (emc). 30 August 2022. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
^ ab"Acetadote- acetylcysteine injection, solution". DailyMed. 1 October 2021. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
^Stockley RA (2008). Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease a Practical Guide to Management. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. p. 750. ISBN 9780470755280. Archived from the original on 8 September 2017.
^ abcdefghij"Acetylcysteine". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
^"L-Cysteine, N-acetyl- — Compound Summary". PubChem. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. 25 March 2005. Identification. Archived from the original on 12 January 2014. Retrieved 9 January 2012.
^ abCite error: The named reference sial was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Talbott SM (2012). A Guide to Understanding Dietary Supplements. Routledge. p. 469. ISBN 9781136805707. Archived from the original on 8 September 2017.
^"Cysteine". University of Maryland Medical Center. Archived from the original on 1 July 2017. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
^Sadowska AM, Verbraecken J, Darquennes K, De Backer WA (December 2006). "Role of N-acetylcysteine in the management of COPD". International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. 1 (4): 425–434. doi:10.2147/copd.2006.1.4.425. ISSN 1176-9106. PMC 2707813. PMID 18044098.
^Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006). Analogue-Based Drug Discovery. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. p. 544. ISBN 9783527607495. Archived from the original on 8 September 2017.
^US3091569A, Leonard, Sheffner Aaron, "Mucolytic-nu-acylated sulfhydryl compositions and process for treating animal mucus", issued 28 May 1963
^US patent 3091569, Aaron Leonard Sheffner, "Mucolytic-N-acylated sulfhydryl compositions and process for treating animal mucus", published 28 May 1963, issued 28 May 1963, assigned to Mead Johnson & Co
^World Health Organization Model List of Essential Medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2019. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
^World Health Organization (2021). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/345533. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02.
^Baker E (2014). "Acetylcysteine". Top 100 Drugs: Clinical pharmacology and practical prescribing. Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 9780702055157. Archived from the original on 8 September 2017.
^Bin P, Huang R, Zhou X (2017). "Oxidation Resistance of the Sulfur Amino Acids: Methionine and Cysteine". BioMed Research International. 2017: 9584932. doi:10.1155/2017/9584932. PMC 5763110. PMID 29445748.
^Lee BC, Dikiy A, Kim HY, Gladyshev VN (2009). "Functions and evolution of selenoprotein methionine sulfoxide reductases". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects. 1790 (11): 1471–1477. doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.04.014. PMC 3062201. PMID 19406207.
Acetylcysteine, also known as N-acetylcysteine (NAC), is a medication that is used to treat paracetamol overdose and to loosen thick mucus in individuals...
not recommended. If there is a potential for toxicity, the antidote acetylcysteine is recommended. The medication is generally given for at least 24 hours...
glutathione at the level of cell membrane. The administration of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a cysteine prodrug, helps replenish intracellular GSH levels...
N-Acetylcysteine amide (abbrev. NACA, AD4 and also known as acetylcysteinamide) is an amide derivative of N-acetylcysteine that appears to have better...
The median time to death after admission was 5 days. Intravenous N-acetylcysteine has been found to be beneficial in acetaminophen toxicity but not in...
with antibiotics and can reduce eyelid inflammation. The supplement n-acetylcysteine may be effective for blepharitis. Cunningham ET, Riordan-Eva P (2011-05-17)...
reduced the risk of death by almost 50% over one year of treatment. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) is a precursor to glutathione, an antioxidant. It has been hypothesized...
hospital soon after the overdose. While the antidote, acetylcysteine (also called N-acetylcysteine or NAC), acts as a precursor for glutathione, helping...
DNA-dependent RNA polymerases, leading to an increase in RNA synthesis. N-acetylcysteine has shown promise in combination with other therapies. Animal studies...
randomized clinical trial in children and adolescents indicated that N-acetylcysteine, a glutathione and glutamate modulator, could, in the short term only...
prednisolone—may be useful for the treatment of human amatoxin poisoning. N-Acetylcysteine has shown promise in combination with other therapies. Animal studies...
PMID 32808029. Kanter MZ (October 2006). "Comparison of oral and i.v. acetylcysteine in the treatment of acetaminophen poisoning". Am J Health Syst Pharm...
sulfonamides, known as sulfa drugs. A more recent example is mucolytic acetylcysteine. Sulfur is a part of many bacterial defense molecules. Most β-lactam...
dizziness, tachycardia (rapid heart rate), or acute kidney injury. N-acetylcysteine may be used to treat people with eugenol or clove oil overdose. Eugenol...
medication and robust evidence from high-quality studies is lacking. Acetylcysteine treatment stemmed from an understanding of glutamate's role in regulation...
presence of sulfhydryl groups in the muscle. The combination of oral N-acetylcysteine and a single dose of sustained-release isosorbide mononitrate 60 mg...
however. A systematic review and meta-analysis of 5 studies found that N-acetylcysteine reduces depressive symptoms more than placebo and has good tolerability...
patients with cystic fibrosis and pneumonia, mucolytic agents such as acetylcysteine (NAC) is used. This nebulized treatment works by reducing mucous viscosity...
medicines in influenza treatment details evidence suggesting that N-acetylcysteine, elderberry, or a combination of Eleutherococcus senticosus and Andrographis...
still occurs for other reasons. A 2012 Cochrane review concluded that N-acetylcysteine does not reduce mortality in those with SIRS or sepsis and may even...
163.195 g/mol, exact mass: 163.0303 u) may refer to: Acetylcysteine, also known as N-acetylcysteine (NAC) Tiopronin This set index page lists chemical structure...
et al. (2005). "Protection against Cisplatin-Induced Toxicities by N-Acetylcysteine and Sodium Thiosulfate as Assessed at the Molecular, Cellular, and in...
body. Although large amounts of sulfur-containing amino acids such as acetylcysteine can increase glutathione, no evidence exists that eating high levels...
including acetic acid, the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, acetyl-CoA, acetylcysteine, acetaminophen (also known as paracetamol), and acetylsalicylic acid...
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