Abuna Mikael was an abuna or head of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church in the 12th century. According to tradition, Mikael anointed seven kings, dedicated 1,009 churches, and appointed 27,000 priests.[1]
During this period the Abun was appointed by the Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of All Africa, who had diocesan authority over Ethiopia and the rest of Africa, at the request of the Emperor of Ethiopia, usually after paying a substantial fee to the Muslim government for the privilege.[2] Mikael was appointed by the Patriarch Macarius II (1103-1131), and was still in office during the tenure of Patriarch John V (1146-1167).[1]
According to the History of the Patriarchs of Alexandria, the Emperor of Ethiopia wrote to Patriarch John in 1152, requesting a new abuna, because Mikael was too old; his request was denied. Although the name of the Emperor was not recorded, Carlo Conti Rossini identified him as Mara Takla Haymanot, arguing from this exchange that the true reason a new abuna was wanted was that Abuna Mikael had refused to acknowledge the legitimacy of the new Zagwe dynasty.[3]
^ abMarie-Laure Derat (2010), "The Zagwe dynasty (11-13th centuries) and King Yemrehanna Krestos", Annales d'Ethiopie, 25, p. 164
^Margery Perham, The Government of Ethiopia, second edition (London: Faber and Faber, 1969), p. 104
^Taddesse Tamrat, Church and State in Ethiopia (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972), p. 55.
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God. "Who am I to disturb their belief?" replied the Emperor. After his return to Ethiopia, Haile Selassie dispatched Archbishop Abuna Yesehaq Mandefro...
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1881. They were led by Abuna Petros as Archbishop, Abuna Matewos for Shewa, Abuna Luqas for Gojjam and Abuna Markos for Gondar. Abuna Markos died shortly...
Patriarch is asked for a new abuna because the current office holder was too old, was from Mara Takla Haymanot, who wanted the abuna replaced because he would...
of Falasha Bet involved in blacksmithing and pottery, and Chege Bet and Abuna Bet, both centers for the Ethiopian Church. Poetry and music became preeminent...
led to further disagreements between the pretender and Fasil, and despite Abuna Yosab III's attempts to make a peace between them, by 26 November Fasil...
Zara Yaqob was successful in persuading two recently-arrived Egyptian Abuna, Mikael and Gabriel, into accepting a compromise aimed at restoring harmony...
strike. A number of nobles met 17 days later on 27 September, and convinced Abuna Mattewos to excommunicate Iyasu on the accusation that he converted to Islam...
Emperor Menelik II. Iyasu's father was Ras Mikael, Governor of Wollo and longstanding friend of Menelik. Mikael had been born Mohammed Ali and was a Muslim...
Christianization during this time. Abuna Bartolomeo from Egypt visited the churches sometime during the reign of Dawit I (1382–1413). Its name was first...
military formations, as well as the Air Force; later that day Patriarch Abuna Basilios of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, issued an anathema against all...
Emperor of Ethiopia wrote to John in 1152 for a new abuna or Metropolitan, because AbunaMikael was too old; his request was denied. Although the name...
Emperor Tekle Giyorgis I was absent from Gondar raiding near Shawra, Baeda Maryam was proclaimed emperor over the protests of Abuna Yosab III and the Ichege...
Patriarch-Catholicos of Eritrea also carrying the title of Abuna is the head of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. The Abuna is officially known as Patriarch and Catholicos...
status of the traditional Ethiopian Orthodox Church. He sent for a new abuna from the patriarch of Alexandria, restoring the ancient relationship that...
eventually sidelined. Tekle Giyorgis I regained the throne for the fourth time in December 1795. In 1803, Abba Yosef the Abuna died, and Ras Gugsa of Yejju did...
Menelik from directly confronting Kassai until after his rival had brought an Abuna from Egypt who crowned him Emperor Yohannes IV. Menelik was cunning and...
proclamation was an anathema signed by the Coptic Abuna Kyrilos and by five new bishops, Sauiros, Abraham, Petros, Mikael, and Isaac. The anathema was addressed...
Bafena Wolde Mikael or beter known as just Bafena (1834-1887) was the second wife of Menelik II then the King of Shewa (m. 1865-1883). She was described...
controversy, the arrival of a new Abuna, Salama III reawoke the resistance of the followers of the Wold Qib, and the new Abuna excommunicated Sahle Selassie...
Sultan, Qalawun asking him to allow the patriarch of Alexandria to send an abuna or metropolitan for the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, but also protesting the...
traditions have survived. She induced AbunaMikael to make her brother Hirun bishop, and a few years later the Abuna left Ethiopia for Egypt, complaining...
relations. The Portuguese missionary Francisco Álvares was told by the Abuna Marqos, that upon Emperor Na'od's death in combat, "he and Queen Eleni made...
spread of Christianity in Ethiopia by establishing many churches such as Abuna Yemata Guh (also known as the Chapel in the Sky). Since then, monasticism...
the grenades. Behind them, the dead included Abuna Qerellos's umbrella-bearer. The wounded included the Abuna himself, the Vice-Governor General Armando...
Haile Selassie I Zera Yacob Amha Selassie Princess Tenagnework Tewodros II Yohannes IV of Ethiopia Zewditu I Imru Haile Selassie Seifu Mikael Kassa Hailu...
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