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3rd century BC information


Hannibal crosses the Alps during the Second Punic War

The 3rd century BC started the first day of 300 BC and ended the last day of 201 BC. It is considered part of the Classical Era, epoch, or historical period.

In the Mediterranean Basin, the first few decades of this century were characterized by a balance of power between the Greek Hellenistic kingdoms in the east, and the great mercantile power of Carthage in the west. This balance was shattered when conflict arose between ancient Carthage and the Roman Republic. In the following decades, the Carthaginian Republic was first humbled and then destroyed by the Romans in the First and Second Punic Wars. Following the Second Punic War, Rome became the most important power in the western Mediterranean.

In the eastern Mediterranean, the Seleucid Empire and Ptolemaic Kingdom, successor states to the empire of Alexander the Great, fought a series of Syrian Wars for control over the Levant. In mainland Greece, the short-lived Antipatrid dynasty of Macedon was overthrown and replaced by the Antigonid dynasty in 294 BC, a royal house that would dominate the affairs of Hellenistic Greece for roughly a century until the stalemate of the First Macedonian War against Rome. Macedon would also lose the Cretan War against the Greek city-state of Rhodes and its allies.

In India, Ashoka ruled the Maurya Empire. The Pandya, Chola and Chera dynasties of the classical age flourished in the ancient Tamil country.

The Warring States period in China drew to a close, with Qin Shi Huang conquering the six other nation-states and establishing the short-lived Qin dynasty, the first empire of China, which was followed in the same century by the long-lasting Han dynasty. However, a brief interregnum and civil war existed between the Qin and Han periods known as the Chu-Han contention, lasting until 202 BC with the ultimate victory of Liu Bang over Xiang Yu.

The Protohistoric Period began in Korea. In the following century the Chinese Han dynasty would conquer the Gojoseon kingdom of northern Korea. The Xiongnu were at the height of their power in Mongolia. They defeated the Han Chinese at the Battle of Baideng in 200 BC, marking the beginning of the forced Heqin tributary agreement and marriage alliance that would last several decades.

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3rd century BC

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The 3rd century BC started the first day of 300 BC and ended the last day of 201 BC. It is considered part of the Classical Era, epoch, or historical...

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Ancient literature

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Tamil: 3rd century BC to 3rd century AD: Sangam poems Tolkāppiyam (grammar book) Korakkar (3rd century BC) Siddhar, Physician, Philosopher Bogar (3rd century...

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List of state leaders in the 3rd century BC

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the 4th century BC – State leaders in the 2nd century BC – State leaders by year This is a list of state leaders in the 3rd century BC (300–201 BC). Cyrene...

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28th century BC

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The 28th century BC was a century that lasted from the year 2800 BC to 2701 BC. c. 2800 BC – 2700 BC: Seated Harp Player, from Keros, Cyclades, is made...

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1st millennium BC

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millennium BC, also known as the last millennium BC, was the period of time lasting from the years 1000 BC to 1 BC (10th to 1st centuries BC; in astronomy:...

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29th century BC

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29th century BC was a century that lasted from the year 2900 BC to 2801 BC. c. 2900 BC: Beginning of the Early Dynastic Period I in Sumer. c. 2900 BC – 2600...

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Timeline of historic inventions

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3rd century BC: Gimbal described by Philo of Byzantium Late 3rd century BC: Dry dock under Ptolemy IV (221–205 BC) in Hellenistic Egypt 3rd century BC...

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2nd century BC

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The 2nd century BC started the first day of 200 BC and ended the last day of 101 BC. It is considered part of the Classical era, although depending on...

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List of solar eclipses in antiquity

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is a list of the 10 longest total eclipses between the 30th century BC and the 4th century. All eclipses listed are annular. See § Longest total eclipses...

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4th century BC

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The 4th century BCE started the first day of 400 BC and ended the last day of 301 BC. It is considered part of the Classical era, epoch, or historical...

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Timeline of scientific discoveries

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3rd century BC: Pingala in Mauryan India studies binary numbers, making him the first to study the radix (numerical base) in history. 3rd century BC:...

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Picentes

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Picentini were an ancient Italic people who lived from the 9th to the 3rd century BC in the area between the Foglia and Aterno rivers, bordered to the west...

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3rd millennium BC

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The 3rd millennium BC spanned the years 3000 to 2001 BC. This period of time corresponds to the Early to Middle Bronze Age, characterized by the early...

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List of political entities in the 3rd century BC

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This is a list of sovereign states or polities that existed in the 3rd m century BC. List of Bronze Age states List of Iron Age states List of Classical...

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5th millennium BC

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The 5th millennium BC spanned the years 5000 BC to 4001 BC (c. 7 ka to c. 6 ka). It is impossible to precisely date events that happened around the time...

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30th century BC

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The 30th century BC was a century that lasted from the year 3000 BC to 2901 BC. Before 3000 BC: An image of a deity (detail from a cong) recovered from...

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23rd century BC

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The 23rd century BC was a century that lasted from the year 2300 BC to 2201 BC. 2334 BC – 2279 BC: (short chronology) Sargon of Akkad's conquest of Mesopotamia...

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Lists of state leaders by century

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2nd century BC List of state leaders in the 3rd century BC List of state leaders in the 4th century BC List of state leaders in the 5th century BC List...

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Ordos culture

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the Xiongnu, who consolidated their eastern empire by the end of the 3rd century BC. yet on other occasions Chinese sources often just classified the Xiongnu...

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Timeline of Iranian history

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History of Iran. Millennia: 1st BC · 1st–2nd · 3rd Centuries: 7th BC · 6th BC · 5th BC · 4th BC · 3rd BC · 2nd BC · 1st BC · See also · References · Bibliography ·...

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26th century BC

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26th century BCE was a century that lasted from the year 2600 BCE to 2501 BCE. c. 2600–2400 BC: Early Minoan I period in Crete. c. 2551–2526 BC: Reign...

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27th century BC

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27th century BC was a century that lasted from the year 2700 BC to 2601 BC. c. 2750–2600 BC: Early Dynastic II Period in Mesopotamia. c. 2700 BC: The...

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List of regicides

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millennium BC, Eglon of Moab by Ehud 1155 BC Ramesses III of New Kingdom of Egypt from a neck wound inflicted by conspirators 11th century BC Agag of Amalek...

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Lists of political entities by century

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BC List of political entities in the 2nd century BC List of political entities in the 3rd century BC List of political entities in the 4th century BC...

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Persis

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from the end of the 3rd century BC to the beginning of the 2nd century BC, and Vahbarz or Vādfradād I obtained independence circa 150 BC, when Seleucid power...

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Timeline of Roman history

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of Rome. Millennia: 1st BC · 1st–2nd Centuries: 7th BC · 6th BC · 5th BC · 4th BC · 3rd BC · 2nd BC · 1st BC · 1st · 2nd · 3rd · 4th · 5th · 6th · 7th ·...

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