2022 hepatitis of unknown origin in children information
Disease outbreak
2022 hepatitis of unknown origin in children
Map
Disease
Acute hepatitis
Date
October 2021 – September 2022
Confirmed cases
895
Deaths
18
In 2022, cases of severe sudden hepatitis of unknown origin in children were reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) from several countries.[1][2] The outbreak led to a significant interest in adenoviruses, though as of 2023 no definite explanation has been agreed on the cause of the hepatitis.[3]
In October 2021, a cluster of cases of severe hepatitis of unknown origin were identified at a children's hospital in the U.S. state of Alabama.[4] Between 5 April and 8 July 2022, 35 countries had reported 1,010 probable cases of acute hepatitis of unknown cause in children.[1] WHO guidance has since recommended the testing of several other viruses in children aged 16 years or younger presenting with an acute hepatitis not caused by hepatitis viruses A–E, where serum aminotransferase levels are higher than 500 IU/L, and other local causes of hepatitis have been excluded.[5]
It is not uncommon for the cause of some hepatitis cases in children to remain unknown.[6] As of September 2022, the cause of the rise in cases remains unknown, although it has been suggested by some UK-studies that a co-infection with adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2) and adenovirus or less likely herpesvirus might have caused some.[5][7]
^ abElsheikh, Randa; Tien, Hoang Thuy; Makram, Abdelrahman M.; Van, Nguyen Thanh; Le, Trang Thi Bich; Vasanthakumaran, Tamilarasy; Huy, Nguyen Tien (1 June 2023). "Acute hepatitis of unknown origin in children: Behind the statistics". Hepatology. 77 (6): 2118–2127. doi:10.1002/hep.32682. ISSN 1527-3350. PMID 35862247. S2CID 250732438.
^"Joint ECDC-WHO Regional Office for Europe Hepatitis of Unknown Origin in Children Surveillance Bulletin". cdn.ecdc.europa.eu. 17 June 2022. Archived from the original on 22 June 2022. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
^Grand, Roger J. (December 2023). "Pathogenicity and virulence of human adenovirus F41: Possible links to severe hepatitis in children". Virulence. 14 (1): 2242544. doi:10.1080/21505594.2023.2242544. ISSN 2150-5608. PMC 10405776. PMID 37543996. S2CID 260679964.
^Baker, Julia M. (29 April 2022). "Acute Hepatitis and Adenovirus Infection Among Children — Alabama, October 2021–February 2022". MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 71 (18): 638–640. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7118e1. PMC 9098244. PMID 35511732. S2CID 248463283. Archived from the original on 3 May 2022. Retrieved 3 May 2022.
^ abVenkatesan, Priya (1 September 2022). "New guidance for researching acute hepatitis in children". The Lancet Microbe. 3 (9): e651. doi:10.1016/S2666-5247(22)00229-4. ISSN 2666-5247. PMID 36058232. S2CID 252023562.
^"Overview: Children with Hepatitis of Unknown Cause". www.cdc.gov. 7 June 2022. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
^"Acute hepatitis: technical briefing". GOV.UK. Retrieved 11 September 2022.
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