The smallpox vaccine diluent in a syringe alongside a vial of Dryvax dried smallpox vaccine and bifurcated needle
Vaccine description
Target
Smallpox, Mpox
Vaccine type
Live virus
Clinical data
Trade names
ACAM2000, Imvanex, Jynneos, others
AHFS/Drugs.com
Monograph
License data
US DailyMed: Smallpox
Pregnancy category
AU: D
Routes of administration
Subcutaneous
ATC code
J07BX01 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status
AU: S4 (Prescription only)[1]
CA: ℞-only / Schedule D[2][3][4][5]
UK: POM (Prescription only)
US: ℞-only with standing order[6][7][8]
EU: Rx-only[9]
In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
Identifiers
DrugBank
DB15497
UNII
4SV59689SK
KEGG
D05295
The smallpox vaccine is the first vaccine to have been developed against a contagious disease. In 1796, British physician Edward Jenner demonstrated that an infection with the relatively mild cowpox virus conferred immunity against the deadly smallpox virus. Cowpox served as a natural vaccine until the modern smallpox vaccine emerged in the 20th century. From 1958 to 1977, the World Health Organization (WHO) conducted a global vaccination campaign that eradicated smallpox, making it the only human disease to be eradicated. Although routine smallpox vaccination is no longer performed on the general public, the vaccine is still being produced to guard against bioterrorism, biological warfare, and mpox.[10][11]
The term vaccine derives from the Latin word for cow, reflecting the origins of smallpox vaccination. Edward Jenner referred to cowpox as variolae vaccinae (smallpox of the cow). The origins of the smallpox vaccine became murky over time,[12] especially after Louis Pasteur developed laboratory techniques for creating vaccines in the 19th century. Allan Watt Downie demonstrated in 1939 that the modern smallpox vaccine was serologically distinct from cowpox,[13] and vaccinia was subsequently recognized as a separate viral species. Whole-genome sequencing has revealed that vaccinia is most closely related to horsepox, and the cowpox strains found in Great Britain are the least closely related to vaccinia.[14]
^"ACAM2000 smallpox vaccine (live vaccinia virus) vial with diluent". Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). Archived from the original on 18 April 2015. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
^"Imvamune Product information". Health Canada. 25 April 2012. Archived from the original on 22 June 2021. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
^"Smallpox vaccine Product information". Health Canada. 25 April 2012. Archived from the original on 8 July 2022. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
^"Smallpox vaccine Product information". Health Canada. 25 April 2012. Archived from the original on 8 July 2022. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
^"Regulatory Decision Summary for ACAM2000". Drug and Health Products Portal. 5 December 2023. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
^"Jynneos Smallpox and Monkeypox Vaccine" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 September 2023. Retrieved 2 September 2023.
^"ACAM2000 (smallpox- vaccinia vaccine, live injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution)". DailyMed. 21 March 2018. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
^"Jynneos- vaccinia virus modified strain ankara-bavarian nordic non-replicating antigen injection, suspension". DailyMed. 14 February 2022. Archived from the original on 27 May 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
^Cite error: The named reference Imvanex EPAR was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Metzger W, Mordmueller BG (July 2007). Metzger W (ed.). "Vaccines for preventing smallpox". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2007 (3): CD004913. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004913.pub2. PMC 6532594. PMID 17636779.
^Anderson MG, Frenkel LD, Homann S, and Guffey J. (2003), "A case of severe monkeypox virus disease in an American child: emerging infections and changing professional values"; Pediatr Infect Dis J;22(12): 1093–96; discussion 1096–98.
^Baxby D (1981). Jenner's Smallpox Vaccine: The Riddle of Vaccinia Virus and Its Origin. Heinemann Educational Books. ISBN 978-0-435-54057-9.
^Cite error: The named reference downie1939 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Carroll DS, Emerson GL, Li Y, Sammons S, Olson V, Frace M, et al. (August 2011). "Chasing Jenner's vaccine: revisiting cowpox virus classification". PLOS ONE. 6 (8): e23086. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...623086C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0023086. PMC 3152555. PMID 21858000.
The smallpoxvaccine is the first vaccine to have been developed against a contagious disease. In 1796, British physician Edward Jenner demonstrated that...
via contaminated objects. Prevention was achieved mainly through the smallpoxvaccine. Once the disease had developed, certain antiviral medications could...
likely smallpox, with the first recorded use of variolation occurring in the 16th century in China. It was also the first disease for which a vaccine was...
licensed vaccines are currently available for twenty-five different preventable infections. The first recorded use of inoculation to prevent smallpox occurred...
scientist who pioneered the concept of vaccines and created the smallpoxvaccine, the world's first vaccine. The terms vaccine and vaccination are derived from...
to the deadly smallpox. Jenner referred to cowpox as variolae vaccinae (smallpox of the cow). However, the origins of the smallpoxvaccine became murky...
observation that dairy farmers were immune to smallpox inspired the modern smallpoxvaccine, created and administered by English physician Edward Jenner. The first...
variolation (from the Latin word variola = smallpox), the predecessor to the smallpoxvaccine. The smallpoxvaccine, introduced by Edward Jenner in 1796, was...
compared to 30% who contracted smallpox naturally. Variolation is no longer used today. It was replaced by the smallpoxvaccine, a safer alternative. This...
freeze-dried smallpoxvaccine between its prongs. Up to one hundred vaccinations can be given from one vial of the reconstituted vaccine. The established...
member of the CDC's advisory panel to vote against a program to give smallpoxvaccine to tens of thousands of Americans. He later argued on 60 Minutes II...
different paths to introduce the smallpoxvaccine in early 19th century United States". Vaccine. 38 (12): 2743. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.01.077. PMID 32057569...
being used as a vaccine (called MVA-BN, brand names: Imvanex in the EU, Imvamune in Canada, and Jynneos in the US) against smallpox and mpox, having...
guidance on the use of smallpoxvaccine, Cidofovir, and Vaccinia immune globulin. Thirty residents in six states received the smallpox vaccination. This included...
The history of smallpox extends into pre-history. Genetic evidence suggests that the smallpox virus emerged 3,000 to 4,000 years ago. Prior to that, similar...
public-safety assets. Leaders in states most affected by smallpox wanted immediate access to smallpoxvaccine for all citizens of their states, but the federal...
Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine is a vaccine primarily used against tuberculosis (TB). It is named after its inventors Albert Calmette and Camille...
replication-deficient strain that has been safely used for a smallpoxvaccine. The Ebola vaccine regimen approved by the European Commission was developed...
conjunction with New York City health officials, had procured the smallpoxvaccine and inoculated over 6,350,000 adults and children. Of that number,...
develops and documents first vaccine for smallpox. 1880 – First vaccine for cholera by Louis Pasteur 1885 – First vaccine for rabies by Louis Pasteur and...
members vaccinated between December 2002 and March 2003 with Dryvax smallpoxvaccine 18 cases of probable myopericarditis were reported, which was an incidence...
ACAM2000 is a smallpoxvaccine manufactured by Sanofi Pasteur Biologics Co. It provides protection against smallpox for people determined to be at high...
The rabies vaccine is a vaccine used to prevent rabies. There are several rabies vaccines available that are both safe and effective. Vaccinations must...
be prevented each year if all recommended vaccines were used. Vaccination campaigns helped eradicate smallpox, which once killed as many as one in seven...
vaccines, which may replicate in humans, thus potentially causing severe and life-threatening side effects. Developed as the non-replicating smallpox...
School. He is most well known for being the first doctor to test the smallpoxvaccine in the United States, which he carried out on his own family. Waterhouse...
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