Political movement after the 2009 Iranian presidential election
The Iranian Green Movement (Persian: جنبش سبز ایران) or Green Wave of Iran (Persian: موج سبز ایران),[1] also referred to as the Persian Awakening or Persian Spring by the western media,[2] refers to a political movement that arose after the June 12, 2009 Iranian presidential election and lasted until early 2010,[3] in which protesters demanded the removal of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad from office. Green was initially used as the symbol of Mir Hossein Mousavi's campaign, but after the election it became the symbol of unity and hope for those asking for annulment of what they regarded as a fraudulent election. Mir Hossein Mousavi and Mehdi Karroubi are recognized as political leaders of the Green Movement.[4] Grand Ayatollah Hossein-Ali Montazeri was also mentioned as spiritual leader of the movement.[5]
The Green Movement protests were a major event in Iran's modern political history and observers claimed that these protests were the largest since the Iranian Revolution of 1978–79.[6][7][8] While the protests started out as a peaceful, non-violent movement, hundreds of people were arrested and several died as protests turned more violent in the following months. The movement eventually had trouble with retaining its momentum.
^Moussawi, Ibrahim (16 January 2012). Shi-ism and the Democratisation Process in Iran. Saqi Books. ISBN 9780863568312.
^"Fars News Agency". Fars News. 22 June 2009. Archived from the original on 20 August 2009. Retrieved 22 June 2009.
^Milani, Abbas (6 October 2010). "The Green Movement". Iranian Primer. Retrieved 11 October 2022.
^دعوتنامه برگزارکنندگان مراسم ۱۸ تیر از ميرحسين موسوی و مهدی کروبی و محمد خاتمی. Aseman Daily News (in Persian). 5 July 2009. Archived from the original on 8 July 2009. Retrieved 5 July 2009.
^"مخملباف "آزادی آفرینش" را به آیتالله منتظری تقدیم کرد". Radio Farda. 15 June 2009.
^Rothberg, Peter (4 February 2010). "The Nation: Protests in Iran". TheNation Blog. Retrieved 11 August 2010. {{cite magazine}}: Cite magazine requires |magazine= (help)
^"Iran Protest Biggest Since Iranian Revolution". The Washington Times. Retrieved 11 August 2010.
^"Iran's crackdown dampens protests". NBC News. 23 June 2009. Retrieved 11 August 2010.
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