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Air pollution over Southeast Asia in October 1997
Southeast Asian haze series
Haze in Borneo, 2019
History
1990s
1997 Southeast Asian haze
1997 Indonesian forest fires
2000s
2005 Malaysian haze
2006 Southeast Asian haze
2009 Southeast Asian haze
2010s
2010 Southeast Asian haze
2013 Southeast Asian haze
2015 Southeast Asian haze
2016 Malaysian haze
2016 Southeast Asian haze
2017 Southeast Asian haze
2019 Southeast Asian haze
Key topics
Chemical equator
Deforestation
in Borneo
in Indonesia
Mega Rice Project
Peat swamp forest
Borneo
Responses
ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution
Operation Haze
Transboundary Haze Pollution Act 2014
People's Movement to Stop Haze
See also
Air pollution in Malaysia
API
Singapore PSI
Social and environmental impact of palm oil
Category
v
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The 1997 Southeast Asian haze was an international air pollution disaster that occurred during the second half of 1997, its after-effects causing widespread atmospheric visibility and health problems within Southeast Asia. Considered the most severe Southeast Asian haze event of all time,[1] the total costs of the 1997 haze are estimated at US$9 billion, due mainly to health care and disruption of air travel and business activities.
The influence of the 1997 fires in Kalimantan and Sumatra on ambient air quality was evident by July and peaked in September/October before weakening by November, when the delayed monsoonal rain extinguished the fires and improved air quality within the region. During the peak episode, satellite imagery (NASA/TOMS aerosol index maps) showed a haze layer that expanded over an area of more than 3,000,000 km2 (1,200,000 sq mi), covering large parts of Sumatra and Kalimantan. Its northward extension partially reached Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Thailand and the Philippines and its westward extension reached Sri Lanka.[2] During this period, particulate matter concentrations frequently exceeded national ambient air quality standards. Monthly mean horizontal visibility at most locations in Sumatra and Kalimantan in September was below 1 km (0.62 mi) and daily maximum visibility was frequently below 100 metres (330 ft).
^Jim, C.Y. (1999). Geography Vol. 84, No. 3 (The Forest Fires in Indonesia 1997-98: Possible Causes and Pervasive Consequences). Geographical Association. pp. 253–55.
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