Health in Indonesia is affected by a number of factors. Indonesia has over 26,000 health care facilities; 2,000 hospitals, 9,000 community health centres and private clinics, 1,100 dentist clinics and 1,000 opticians.[1] The country lacks doctors with only 0.4 doctors per 1,000 population.[1] In 2018, Indonesia's healthcare spending was US$38.3 billion, 4.18% of their GDP, and is expected to rise to US$51 billion in 2020.[2]
In 2014, Indonesia introduced its universal healthcare program, the Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN), which is provided by BPJS Kesehatan (Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan, Health Social Security Agency).[3] It is currently covering over 200 million people. Around 20 million people in Indonesia is covered by private health insurance.[1]
The Human Rights Measurement Initiative[4] finds that Indonesia is fulfilling 84.1% of what it should be fulfilling for the right to health based on its level of income.[5] When looking at the right to health with respect to children, Indonesia achieves 93.5% of what is expected based on its current income.[6] In regards to the right to health amongst the adult population, the country achieves only 87.1% of what is expected based on the nation's level of income. [7] Indonesia falls into the "very bad" category when evaluating the right to reproductive health because the nation is fulfilling only 71.9% of what the nation is expected to achieve based on the resources (income) it has available.[8]
^ abc"Indonesia's Healthcare Industry: Growing Opportunities for Foreign Investors". ASEAN Business News. 30 July 2020. Retrieved 30 September 2020.
^"Healthcare Resource Guide: Indonesia". 2016.export.gov. Retrieved 30 September 2020.
^Susanto, Gabriel Abdi (31 December 2013). "Pertanyaan-pertanyaan Dasar Seputar JKN dan BPJS". liputan6.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 18 January 2022.
^"Human Rights Measurement Initiative – The first global initiative to track the human rights performance of countries". humanrightsmeasurement.org. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
^"Indonesia - HRMI Rights Tracker". rightstracker.org. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
^"Indonesia - HRMI Rights Tracker". rightstracker.org. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
^"Indonesia - HRMI Rights Tracker". rightstracker.org. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
^"Indonesia - HRMI Rights Tracker". rightstracker.org. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
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