For launches in the first half of the year, see 1991 in spaceflight (January–June), for launches in the second half, see 1991 in spaceflight (July–December).
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This was the final year of the Soviet Union, and thus the end of the Cold War competition between the two space superpowers. The number of launches subsequently declined in the 1990s, and 2018 was the first year since 1990 to have more than 100 orbital launches.
1991 in spaceflight
The crew of STS-37 deploys the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory.
Orbital launches
First
8 January
Last
28 December
Total
91
Successes
86
Failures
3
Partial failures
2
National firsts
Space traveller
Austria United Kingdom
Rockets
Maiden flights
Ariane 4 44P Atlas II
Retirements
Vostok-2M
Crewed flights
Orbital
8
Total travellers
36
v
t
e
v
t
e
Timeline of spaceflight
Spaceflight before 1951
1950s
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960s
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970s
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980s
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990s
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000s
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010s
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020s
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
Future
← Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec →
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Global Information
Austria
United Kingdom