For a chronological list of human spaceflights, including crews, dates and mission summaries, see List of human spaceflights.
Human spaceflight programs have been conducted, started, or planned by multiple countries and companies. Until the 21st century, human spaceflight programs were sponsored exclusively by governments, through either the military or civilian space agencies. With the launch of the privately funded SpaceShipOne in 2004, a new category of human spaceflight programs – commercial human spaceflight – arrived. By the end of 2022, three countries (Soviet Union/Russia, United States and China) and one private company (SpaceX) had successfully launched humans to Earth orbit, and two private companies (Scaled Composites and Blue Origin) had launched humans on a suborbital trajectory.
The criteria for what constitutes human spaceflight vary. The Fédération Aéronautique Internationale defines spaceflight as any flight over 100 kilometers (62 mi). In the United States professional, military, and commercial astronauts who travel above an altitude of 80 kilometers (50 mi) are awarded the United States Astronaut Badge. This article follows the FAI definition of spaceflight.
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Humanspaceflightprograms have been conducted, started, or planned by multiple countries and companies. Until the 21st century, humanspaceflight programs...
Humanspaceflight (also referred to as manned spaceflight or crewed spaceflight) is spaceflight with a crew or passengers aboard a spacecraft, often with...
crewed spaceflights throughout history. Beginning in 1961 with the flight of Yuri Gagarin aboard Vostok 1, crewed spaceflight occurs when a human crew flies...
The Indian HumanSpaceflight Programme (or Gaganyaan) is an ongoing programme by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) to develop the technology...
of the humanspaceflight missions conducted by the Soviet space program. These missions belong to the Vostok, Voskhod, and Soyuz space programs. The first...
Moon and permanent human presence in space around Earth, particularly with the use of space stations. Humanspaceflightprograms include the Soyuz, Shenzhou...
This is a list of humanspaceflights in Tiangong program. "长征二号F/G Y12 • 神舟十二号载人飞船 • LongMarch 2F/G Y12 • Shenzhou-12". spaceflightfans.cn (in Chinese)...
The Apollo program, also known as Project Apollo, was the United States humanspaceflightprogram carried out by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration...
spacecraft and the Human Landing System form the main spaceflight infrastructure for Artemis, and the Lunar Gateway plays a supporting role in human habitation...
private spaceflight companies List of humanspaceflightprograms List of space programs of the United States List of uncrewed spacecraft by program This...
NASA engineers created in 1958, tasked with managing America's humanspaceflightprograms. Headed by Robert Gilruth and based at the Langley Research Center...
the Central Military Commission, designed to develop and enhance humanspaceflight capabilities for China. It was approved on 21 September 1992 and has...
The Space Shuttle program was the fourth humanspaceflightprogram carried out by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which...
NASA programs. Sustained quality performance over an extended period of time in support of humanspaceflightprograms. Since 1968, the program has awarded...
The Polaris Program is a planned humanspaceflightprogram organized by businessman and commercial astronaut Jared Isaacman. Isaacman, who commanded the...
lunar programs were a series of programs pursued by the Soviet Union to land humans on the Moon, in competition with the United States Apollo program. The...
(CCDev) program over three years. While the program's first round of competition in 2010 focused on funding development of various humanspaceflight technologies...
published works proposing rockets as the means for spaceflight. The first successful large-scale rocket programs were initiated in Nazi Germany by Wernher von...
Humans have been present in space either, in the common sense, through their direct presence and activity like humanspaceflight, or through mediation...
The Human Space Flight Centre (HSFC) is a body under the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) to coordinate the Indian HumanSpaceflight Programme...
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