This article is about the vegetable. For other uses, see Zucchini (disambiguation).
Zucchini
Striped and uniform-colored zucchini
Genus
Cucurbita
Species
Cucurbita pepo
Origin
19th-century northern Italy
The zucchini (/zuˈkiːni/ⓘ; pl.: zucchini or zucchinis),[1]courgette (/kʊərˈʒɛt/) or baby marrow (Cucurbita pepo)[2] is a summer squash, a vining herbaceous plant whose fruit are harvested when their immature seeds and epicarp (rind) are still soft and edible. It is closely related, but not identical, to the marrow; its fruit may be called marrow when mature.[3][4][5]
Golden zucchini grown in the Netherlands for sale in a supermarket in Montpellier, France, in April 2013
Ordinary zucchini fruit are any shade of green, though the golden zucchini is a deep yellow or orange.[6] At maturity, they can grow to nearly 1 metre (3 feet) in length, but they are normally harvested at about 15–25 cm (6–10 in).[7]
In botany, the zucchini's fruit is a pepo, a berry (the swollen ovary of the zucchini flower) with a hardened epicarp. In cookery, it is treated as a vegetable, usually cooked and eaten as an accompaniment or savory dish, though occasionally used in sweeter cooking.
Zucchini occasionally contain toxic cucurbitacins, making them extremely bitter, and causing severe gastero-enteric upsets. Causes include stressed growing conditions, and cross pollination with ornamental squashes.[8]
Zucchini descends from squashes first domesticated in Mesoamerica over 7,000 years ago,[9] but the zucchini itself was bred in Milan in the late 19th century.[10]
^"Zucchini". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved September 15, 2013.
^"ITIS - Report: Cucurbita". The Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved June 26, 2023.
^Austin, Gareth (July 23, 2010). "BBC Dig In blog". Dig in Blog. BBC. Retrieved April 11, 2016. Courgettes are commonly described as marrows harvested young. However, there are some slight horticultural differences between courgettes and marrows. Courgettes tend to be bushy and thin-skinned, whereas marrows tend to trailing and have a thicker skin.
^"The Gardener's Almanac, entry at "Marrow"". Retrieved June 26, 2023. The general difference between Marrows and Courgettes / Zuchini is: Marrow plants tend to trail out and the fruit skin is quite thick, whereas Courgettes grow as a bush and the skins are quite thin.
^Dr. D.G. Hessayon (2009). The Vegetable and Herb Expert. London: Expert Books.
^"Summer Squash". University of Illinois Extension. Retrieved September 15, 2013.
^VanderBrug, Michael. The Timber Press Guide to Vegetable Gardening in the Midwest.
^"Zucchini (courgette)". foodsafety.asn.au. Retrieved April 4, 2023.
^"Cucurbits". www.hort.purdue.edu. Retrieved January 3, 2021.
^Teresa A. Lust; Harry S. Paris (2016). "Italian horticultural and culinary records of summer squash (Cucurbita pepo Cucurbitaceae) and emergence of the zucchini in 19th-century Milan". Annals of Botany. 118 (1): 53–69. doi:10.1093/aob/mcw080. PMC 4934399. PMID 27343231.
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