Arab-Sasanian dirham of Yazid I, struck at the Basra mint, dated AH 61 (680/1 CE), the year in which the Battle of Karbala occurred.The obverse side shows the portrait of the Sasanian shah Khosrow II (r. 590–628) and his name in the Pahlavi script.
2nd Caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate
Reign
April 680[a] – 11 November 683
Predecessor
Mu'awiya I
Successor
Mu'awiya II
Born
c. 646(25 AH)[b] Syria
Died
11 November 683 (aged c. 37) (14 Rabi al-Awwal 64 AH) Huwwarin, Syria
Spouse
Fakhita bint Abi Hisham
Umm Kulthum bint Abd Allah
Issue
Mu'awiya II
Khalid
Abd Allah
Atika
Names
Abū Khālid Yazīd ibn Muʿāwiya ibn ʾAbī Sufyān
أبو خالد يزيد بن معاوية بن أبي سفيان
House
Sufyanid
Dynasty
Umayyad
Father
Mu'awiya I
Mother
Maysun bint Bahdal
Religion
Islam
Yazid ibn Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan (Arabic: يزيد بن معاوية بن أبي سفيان, romanized: Yazīd ibn Muʿāwiya ibn ʾAbī Sufyān; c. 646[b] – 11 November 683), commonly known as Yazid I, was the second caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate. He ruled from April 680 until his death in November 683. His appointment by his father Mu'awiya I was the first hereditary succession to the caliphate in Islamic history. His caliphate was marked by the death of Muhammad's grandson Husayn ibn Ali and the start of the crisis known as the Second Fitna.
During his father's caliphate, Yazid led several campaigns against the Byzantine Empire, including an attack on the Byzantine capital, Constantinople. Yazid's nomination as heir apparent in 676 CE (56 AH) by Mu'awiya was opposed by several Muslim grandees from the Hejaz region, including Husayn and Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr. The two men refused to recognize Yazid following his accession and took sanctuary in Mecca. When Husayn left for Kufa in Iraq to lead a revolt against Yazid, he was killed with his small band of supporters by Yazid's forces in the Battle of Karbala. Husayn's death caused resentment in the Hejaz, where Ibn al-Zubayr called for a consultative assembly to elect a new caliph. The people of Medina, who supported Ibn al-Zubayr, held other grievances toward the Umayyads. After failing to gain the allegiance of Ibn al-Zubayr and the people of the Hejaz through diplomacy, Yazid sent an army to suppress their rebellion. The army defeated the Medinese in the Battle of al-Harra in August 683 and the city was sacked. Afterward, Mecca was besieged for several weeks until the army withdrew as a result of Yazid's death in November 683. The Caliphate fell into a nearly decade-long civil war, ending with the establishment of the Marwanid dynasty (the Umayyad caliph Marwan I and his descendants).
Yazid continued Mu'awiya's decentralized model of governance, relying on his provincial governors and the tribal nobility. He abandoned Mu'awiya's ambitious raids against the Byzantine Empire and strengthened Syria's military defences. No new territories were conquered during his reign. Yazid is considered an illegitimate ruler and a tyrant by many Muslims due to his hereditary succession, the death of Husayn, and his attack on Medina. Modern historians take a milder view, and consider him a capable ruler, albeit less successful than his father.
^Morony 1987, p. 210.
^Wellhausen 1927, p. 139.
^de Goeje 1911, p. 30.
^Lammens 1921, pp. 477–478.
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Muʿāwiya ibn ʾAbī Sufyān; c. 646 – 11 November 683), commonly known as YazidI, was the second caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate. He ruled from April 680...
mentions a certain figure known as "Yazīd the king" (yzydw ʾl-mlk), who is most likely the Umayyad ruler YazidI. The following transliteration and translation...
kinsman Caliph Mu'awiya I (r. 661–680), founder of the Umayyad Caliphate. During the reign of Mu'awiya's son and successor YazidI (r. 680–683), Marwan organized...
Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Yazīd (Arabic: يزيد, "increasing", "adding more") is an Arabic name and may refer to: YazidI (647–683), second Umayyad Caliph...
Yazid ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (Arabic: يَزِيد ٱبْن عَبْد الْمَلِك ٱبْن مَرْوَان, romanized: Yazīd ibn ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Marwān; c. 690/91 — 26 January...
Sermon of Zaynab bint Ali in the court of Yazid are the statements made by Zaynab bint Ali in the presence of YazidI in the aftermath of the Battle of Karbala...
Qadariyya. In 744, Yazid III, a son of al-Walid I, was proclaimed caliph in Damascus, and his army tracked down and killed al-Walid II. Yazid III has received...
(أم هاشم) or Umm Khalid (أم خالد) was the wife of second Umayyad caliph YazidI. Fakhita was the first and probably the only woman in the Umayyad history...
Atika bint Yazid (Arabic: عاتكة بنت يزيد, romanized: ʿĀtika bint Yazīd) was an Umayyad princess. She was the daughter of YazidI, and wife of Abd al-Malik...
the Umayyad caliph YazidI, Khalid was supposed to become caliph after his elder brother Mu'awiya II died in 684. However, Marwan I, a senior Umayyad from...
the son of Caliph YazidI (r. 680–683). After the death of his brother, Caliph Mu'awiya II, in 684, he and his brother, Khalid ibn Yazid, were deemed too...
governor of Palestine and Jordan during the reigns of Mu'awiya I (r. 661–680) and YazidI (r. 680–683), a senior figure in the caliph's court, and a chieftain...
of the Islamic calendar) between the army of the second Umayyad caliph YazidI (r. 680–683) and a small army led by Husayn ibn Ali, the grandson of the...
Yazid ibn al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik (Arabic: يزيد بن الوليد بن عبد الملك, romanized: Yazīd ibn al-Walīd ibn ʿAbd al-Malik; 701 – 3/4 October 744), commonly...
during the city’s revolt against Caliph YazidI in 682–683. He was killed when he led his forces to confront Yazid’s expeditionary army at the Battle of al-Harrah...
Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan ibn Harb ibn Umayya (Arabic: يزيد بن أبي سفيان بن حرب بن أمية, romanized: Yazīd ibn Abī Sufyān ibn Ḥarb ibn Umayya; died 639) was...
would command the people of Medina in opposition to the Umayyad Caliph YazidI. "Hazrat Hanzala (R.A)". www.janathimessage.co.uk. "Shiavault - a Vault...
Yazidism, also known as Sharfadin, is a monotheistic ethnic religion that originated in Kurdistan and has roots in a western Iranic pre-Zoroastrian religion...
of the caliphate. Mu'awiya's unprecedented decision to nominate his son Yazid as his heir sparked opposition, and tensions soared after Mu'awiya's death...
bint Baḥdal) was a wife of caliph Mu'awiya I (r. 661–680), and as mother of his successor and son YazidI (r. 680–683). She belonged to a ruling clan...
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