Caliphal adviser, military commander, poet, purported alchemist and patron of the sciences
Khālid ibn Yazīd (full name Abū Hāshim Khālid ibn Yazīd ibn Muʿāwiya ibn Abī Sufyān, Arabic: أبو هاشم خالد بن يزيد بن معاوية بن أبي سفيان), c. 668–704 or 709, was an Umayyad prince and purported alchemist.
As a son of the Umayyad caliph Yazid I, Khalid was supposed to become caliph after his elder brother Mu'awiya II died in 684. However, Marwan I, a senior Umayyad from another branch of the clan, was chosen over the much younger Khalid. Despite having lost the caliphate to Marwan, Khalid forged close ties with Marwan's son and successor, the caliph Abd al-Malik, who appointed him to successive administrative and military roles. He participated in a number of successful military campaigns in 691, but then chose to retire to his Homs estate, where he lived out the rest of his life. He may have engaged in some level of poetry and hadith scholarship.
A large number of alchemical writings were attributed to Khalid, including also many alchemical poems. Khalid's purported alchemical activity was probably part of a legend that evolved in 9th-century Arabic literary circles, which also falsely credited him with sponsoring the first translations of Greek philosophical and scientific works into Arabic (in reality, caliphal sponsorship of translations started during the reign of al-Mansur, 754–775).
Some of the Arabic alchemical works attributed to Khalid were later translated into Latin under the Latinized name Calid. One of these works, the Liber de compositione alchemiae ("Book on the Composition of Alchemy"), was the first Arabic work on alchemy to be translated into Latin, by Robert of Chester in 1144.
Yazidibn Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan (Arabic: يزيد بن معاوية بن أبي سفيان, romanized: Yazīdibn Muʿāwiya ibn ʾAbī Sufyān; c. 646 – 11 November 683), commonly...
Arabist Robert of Chester. The work takes the form of a dialogue between KhalidibnYazid and his purported alchemical master, the Byzantine monk Morienus (Arabic...
love of God." According to the bibliographer Ibn al-Nadīm, the first Muslim alchemist was KhālidibnYazīd, who is said to have studied alchemy under the...
the caliphate without opposition from the previous designates, KhalidibnYazid and Amr ibn Sa'id. Thereafter, hereditary succession became the standard...
the son of Caliph Yazid I (r. 680–683). After the death of his brother, Caliph Mu'awiya II, in 684, he and his brother, KhalidibnYazid, were deemed too...
Yazidibn Abi Sufyan ibn Harb ibn Umayya (Arabic: يزيد بن أبي سفيان بن حرب بن أمية, romanized: Yazīdibn Abī Sufyān ibn Ḥarb ibn Umayya; died 639) was...
was almost an entirely mystical discipline. It was at that time that KhalidIbnYazid sparked its migration from Alexandria to the Islamic world, facilitating...
Yazidibn al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik (Arabic: يزيد بن الوليد بن عبد الملك, romanized: Yazīdibn al-Walīd ibn ʿAbd al-Malik; 701 – 3/4 October 744), commonly...
or Yazidid dynasty. He was the youngest son of KhalidibnYazid al-Shaybani and the grandson of Yazidibn Mazyad al-Shaybani, both of whom had repeatedly...
of Yazid's known wives are: Umm Khalid Fakhita bint Abi Hisham (and Umm Kulthum, a daughter of the veteran commander and statesman Abd Allah ibn Amir)...
al-Asbagh al-Nubata, Jabir ibnYazid al-Ju'fi, Ammar ibn Mu'awiya al-Duhni, Awana ibn al-Hakam, al-Waqidi, Hisham ibn al-Kalbi, Nasr ibn Muzahim, and al-Mada'ini;...
(Elementary Book of the Foundation) attributed to the 8th-century alchemist Jâbir ibn Hayyân, known in Europe by the latinized name Geber. Another version is found...
science (such as Hunayn ibn Ishaq, Yusuf Al-Khuri, Al Himsi, Qusta ibn Luqa, Masawaiyh, Patriarch Eutychius, and Jabril ibn Bukhtishu) and theology....
Averroes Ibn al-Nafis Ibn Jubayr Ibn Battuta Ibn Khaldun Piri Reis Evliya Çelebi Ali Qushji Al-Hajjāj ibn Yūsuf ibn Matar KhalidibnYazid (Calid) Muhammad...
Abū Mūsā Jābir ibn Ḥayyān (Arabic: أبو موسى جابر بن حيّان, variously called al-Ṣūfī, al-Azdī, al-Kūfī, or al-Ṭūsī), died c. 806−816, is the purported...
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