Xylaria is a genus of ascomycetous fungi commonly found growing on dead wood. The name comes from the Greek xýlon meaning wood (see xylem).
'Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa' by Wijayawardene et al. lists up to (ca. 571) species (in 2020),[1] and around 454 records are listed by Species Fungorum (including synonyms).[2]
Two of the common species of the genus are Xylaria hypoxylon and Xylaria polymorpha.
Xylaria hypoxylon, known by the common names stag's horn and candle-snuff fungus, is the most conspicuous because of its erect, 3–7 cm tall, antler-like ascocarps (fruitbodies) which are black at the base (where the perithecia are embedded) but white and branched towards the top, where the fruiting bodies produce white conidia (asexual spores).
Xylaria polymorpha, dead man's fingers, often grows in finger-like clusters from the base of a tree or from wood just below ground level. This is a primary fungus utilized in the spalting of sugar maple and other hardwoods.
Xylaria longipes, known by the common name dead moll's fingers, allegedly improves the quality of the wood used in string instruments.[3] It has not been linked to spalting of maple.
^Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8. hdl:10481/61998.
^"Xylaria - Search Page". www.speciesfungorum.org. Species Fungorum. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
^Schwarze FWMR, Spycher M, Fink S (2008). "Superior wood for violins – wood decay fungi as a substitute for cold climate". New Phytologist. 179 (4): 1095–1104. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02524.x. PMID 18554266.
Xylaria polymorpha, commonly known as dead man's fingers, is a cosmopolitan saprobic fungus. It is characterized by its elongated upright, clavate, or...
Xylaria hypoxylon is a species of bioluminescent fungus in the family Xylariaceae. It is known by a variety of common names, such as the candlestick fungus...
Xylaria longipes, commonly known as dead moll's fingers, is a species of fungus in the family Xylariaceae. Xylaria longipes was first described by the...
Xylaria culleniae is a species of fungus in the family Xylariaceae. This species known to grow on dried fruits and seeds. Xylaria culleniae belongs to...
flabelliforme. Rogers JD. (1984). "Xylaria cubensis and its anamorph Xylocoremium flabelliforme, Xylaria allantoidea, and Xylaria poitei in continental United...
are members of Sphaeriales and Hypocreales. Perithecia are also found in Xylaria (Dead Man's Fingers, Candle Snuff), Nectria, Claviceps and Neurospora....
all over the world and is a quick and efficient white rot of hardwoods. Xylaria polymorpha (Pers. ex Mer.) Grev. (Ascomycetes) has been known to bleach...
and deter or kill insect herbivores. Several ascomycetes of the genus Xylaria colonize the nests of leafcutter ants and other fungus-growing ants of...
then renamed to Rhizomorpha hippotrichoides by Fries in 1849 and later to Xylaria hippotrichoides by Pier Andrea Saccardo in 1882 when asci and spores had...
1997. In 2020, more families (and genera) were added to the order. Type: Xylaria Hill ex Schrank, Baier. Fl. (München) 1: 200 (1789) DNA analysis in 2018...
had been established in many European countries. Australia now houses 12 xylaria holding 11% of the world's wood specimens, while the Oxford Forestry Institute's...
Glaziella vesiculosa, originally collected in Cuba, was referred to the genus Xylaria by Miles Joseph Berkeley and Moses Ashley Curtis in 1869. A decade later...
species name became M. albuminosa. Fungi of Pseudoxylaria, a subgenus of Xylaria, are found in fungus-growing termite combs. Being weedy and controlled...
Colletotrichum nymphaeae Black pox Helminthosporium papulosum Black root rot Xylaria mali Xylaria polymorpha Black rot, frogeye leafspot and canker Botryosphaeria...
are a natural host for the important Traditional Chinese Medicine fungus Xylaria nigripes, also known as Wu Ling Shen. "An annotated checklist of termites...
basidiocarps (fruit bodies) and is parasitic on other fungi (probably Xylaria species) on dead branches of broad-leaved trees. It was originally described...
Polyporales); and only a few are ascomycetes, mainly species in the order Xylaria. Entomopathogenic fungi infect and kill insects, including a variety of...
Pallidocercospora, Mycosphaerella, Chaetomium, Neonectria, Pararamichloridium, Xylaria, and Neocordana. The genus of Pararamichloridium is characterised as follows;...
the genera Colletotrichum, Daldinia, Hypoxylon, Nemania, Nigrospora, and Xylaria. The resident fungi have a collectively higher antioxidant activity than...
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