A page with the formula for gunpowder from the Wujing Zongyao manuscript
Chinese military texts
Seven Military Classics
The Art of War
Wuzi
The Methods of the Sima
Six Secret Teachings
Wei Liaozi
Three Strategies of Huang Shigong
Questions and Replies
Other texts
Sun Bin's Art of War
Thirty-Six Stratagems
Wujing Zongyao
Huolongjing
Jixiao Xinshu
Wubei Zhi
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Wujing Zongyao
Traditional Chinese
武經總要
Simplified Chinese
武经总要
Literal meaning
Collection of the Most Important Military Techniques
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin
Wǔjīng Zǒngyào
Wade–Giles
Wu3-ching1 Tsung3-yao4
Southern Min
Hokkien POJ
Bú-keng Chóng-iàu
The Wujing Zongyao (Chinese: 武經總要), sometimes rendered in English as the Complete Essentials for the Military Classics, is a Chinese military compendium written from around 1040 to 1044.
The book was compiled during the Northern Song dynasty by Zeng Gongliang (曾公亮), Ding Du (丁度) and Yang Weide (楊惟德), whose writing influenced many later Chinese military writers. The compendium was published under the auspices of Emperor Renzong of Song, who also authored the book's preface.[1] The book covers a wide range of subjects, including everything from naval warships to different types of catapults. It contains the earliest known written chemical formulas for gunpowder, made from saltpeter, sulphur and charcoal along with many added ingredients.[2][3] In addition to formulas for gunpowder, the compendium also contains details on various other gunpowder weapons such as fire arrows, incendiary bombs and projectiles, and grenades and smoke bombs. It also describes an early form of the compass (using thermoremanence), and has the oldest illustration of a Chinese flamethrower with a double-action dual-piston cylinder-pump capable of shooting a continuous blast of flame.[4]
The WujingZongyao (Chinese: 武經總要), sometimes rendered in English as the Complete Essentials for the Military Classics, is a Chinese military compendium...
formula of gunpowder dates to 1044 in the form of the military manual WujingZongyao, also known in English as the Complete Essentials for the Military Classics...
Wujing may refer to: Five Classics (五經), five classic Chinese books Sha Wujing (沙悟淨), one of the three helpers of Xuánzàng in the classic Chinese novel...
are found in the 11th-century Northern Song Dynasty text WujingZongyao. The WujingZongyao describes the "long serpent" rocket launcher, a rocket launcher...
trebuchets from the WujingZongyao Crouching tiger trebuchet from the WujingZongyao Sìjiǎo "Four Footed" traction trebuchet from the WujingZongyao Traction trebuchet...
this is something which the Huns do not know how to do. — Chao Cuo The WujingZongyao states that the crossbow used en masse was the most effective weapon...
the WujingZongyao Five whirlwind trebuchets (swivel mangonels) from the WujingZongyao Mangonel on a Song Dynasty warship from the WujingZongyao 12th...
gunpowder match to fire a continuous stream of flame (as referred to in the WujingZongyao manuscript of 1044). In the suppression of the Southern Tang state by...
1100 BCE. Assyrians were also the first to use iron-tipped arrows. The WujingZongyao (Essentials of the Military Arts), written by Zeng Gongliang, Ding Du...
dynasty text, WujingZongyao (Complete Essentials from the Military Classics), written by Zeng Gongliang between 1040 and 1044. The WujingZongyao provides...
handful of these military treatises have survived, which includes the WujingZongyao written in 1044. It was the first known book to have listed formulas...
the 1510 edition of the WujingZongyao translated by Needham and others at Princeton University. (The original WujingZongyao was compiled between 1040...
appears[citation needed] in texts from the Song to Qing dynasties such as the WujingZongyao and Huangchao Liqi Tushi. It is comparable to the Japanese naginata...
This is a list of flags of entities named or related to "China". In July 1949, a contest was announced for a national flag for the newly founded People's...
flame. This device was featured in description and illustration of the WujingZongyao military manuscript of 1044. In the suppression of the Southern Tang...
incendiary and was launched using a bow or crossbow. According to the WujingZongyao the fire arrow was constructed and used in the following manner: Behind...
ancient Chinese military theories and Chinese militarists' thoughts. WujingZongyao, Chinese military compendium written from around 1040 to 1044. Huolongjing...
However soon after the chemical formula for gunpowder was recorded in the WujingZongyao of 1044, evidence of state interference in gunpowder affairs began appearing...
fire when violent winds swept in their direction. According to the WujingZongyao, gunpowder was used to ignite the flamethrower: Before use the tank...
have started in this year with Eze Nri Ìfikuánim 1044: the Chinese WujingZongyao, written by Zeng Gongliang and Yang Weide, is the first book to describe...
gunpowder caltrops, for which he was richly rewarded. In the military text WujingZongyao of 1044, bombs such as the "ten-thousand fire flying sand magic bomb"...
the rotating volley fire were understood during the Tang dynasty, the WujingZongyao written during the Song dynasty notes that it was not utilized to its...
Han, made to slice through a horse's legs. This is mentioned in the WujingZongyao, a Song Military Manual from 1072. It featured prominently against the...
evidence for it exists during this period. A flamethrower from the WujingZongyao, supposedly used the gunpowder slow match An arrow strapped with gunpowder...
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