This article is about the classification of Englishes around the world. For Global English or World English, see International English.
World Englishes is a term for emerging localised or indigenised varieties of English, especially varieties that have developed in territories influenced by the United Kingdom or the United States. The study of World Englishes consists of identifying varieties of English used in diverse sociolinguistic contexts globally and analyzing how sociolinguistic histories, multicultural backgrounds and contexts of function influence the use of English in different regions of the world.
The issue of World Englishes was first raised in 1978 to examine concepts of regional Englishes globally. Pragmatic factors such as appropriateness, comprehensibility and interpretability justified the use of English as an international and intra-national language. In 1988, at a Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) conference in Honolulu, Hawaii, the International Committee of the Study of World Englishes (ICWE) was formed. In 1992, the ICWE formally launched the International Association for World Englishes (IAWE) at a conference of "World Englishes Today", at the University of Illinois, USA.[1] There are two academic journals devoted to the study of this topic, titled English World-Wide (since 1980)[2] and World Englishes (since 1982).[3] There are a number of published handbooks[4][5][6][7] and textbooks[8][9][10] on the subject.
Currently, there are approximately 75 territories where English is spoken either as a first language (L1) or as an unofficial or institutionalized second language (L2) in fields such as government, law, and education. It is difficult to establish the total number of Englishes in the world, as new varieties of English are constantly being developed and discovered.[11]
^International Association of World Englishes [1] Archived 2010-12-14 at the Wayback Machine, Retrieved on 18 November 2010.
^"English World-Wide A Journal of Varieties of English". Retrieved April 27, 2021.
^Nelson, Cecil L.; Proshina, Zoya; Davis, Daniel R., eds. (2020). The Handbook of World Englishes (2nd ed.). Malden: Blackwell. ISBN 978-1119164210.
^Schreier, Daniel; Hundt, Marianne; Schneider, Edgar W., eds. (2020). The Cambridge Handbook of World Englishes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1108425957.
^Markku Filppula; Juhani Klemola; Devyani Sharma, eds. (2017). The Oxford handbook of World Englishes. New York. ISBN 978-0-19-977771-6. OCLC 964294896.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^Andy Kirkpatrick, ed. (2021). The Routledge handbook of world Englishes (Second ed.). Abingdon, Oxon. ISBN 978-0-367-14439-5. OCLC 1200831762.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^Schneider, Edgar W. (2020). English around the world : an introduction (Second ed.). Cambridge. ISBN 978-1-108-44226-8. OCLC 1193301209.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^Mesthrie, Rajend (2008). World Englishes : the study of new linguistic varieties. Rakesh Mohan Bhatt. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-511-40823-6. OCLC 254167348.
^Kirkpatrick, Andy (2007). World Englishes : implications for international communication and English language teaching. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge Univ Press. ISBN 978-0-521-61687-4. OCLC 141382470.
^Crystal, D. (2007). English as a Global Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
use of English in different regions of the world. The issue of WorldEnglishes was first raised in 1978 to examine concepts of regional Englishes globally...
[1924]. "Case: The number of English cases". The Philosophy of Grammar. Routledge. Kachru, B. (2006). "English: WorldEnglishes". In Brown, Keith (ed.). Encyclopedia...
dynamics of worldEnglishes". WorldEnglishes. 33 (1): 9–32. doi:10.1111/weng.12069. ISSN 0883-2919. Kachru, Braj B. (1992). The Other Tongue: English Across...
Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-214183-X ————— (2001). "WorldEnglish and WorldEnglishes: Trends, tensions, varieties, and standards", Language Teaching...
Within a given English-speaking country, there is a form of the language considered to be Standard English: the Standard Englishes of different countries...
"International English", "World English" and "WorldEnglishes", and "Globish" (Global English). "Global Englishes" (GEs) is generally seen to align closely...
June 2019. Matthews, R. J. (December 1982). "New Zealand English: A Case Study". WorldEnglishes. 2 (2): 75–80. doi:10.1111/j.1467-971X.1982.tb00525.x....
Trudgill 2004, p. 42. Dayag, Danilo (2004). "The English-language media in the Philippines". WorldEnglishes. 23: 33–45. doi:10.1111/J.1467-971X.2004.00333...
African English on the Radio". WorldEnglishes. 32 (1): 93–107. doi:10.1111/weng.12007. Peters, Arne (2021). Cultural Linguistics and WorldEnglishes. Springer...
mentioned in WorldEnglishes as one of many factors influencing American English. Native American Pidgin English is much more similar to English than are...
in worldEnglishes, and as a part of language acquisition. Different varieties of cluster reduction can be observed in numerous examples of English dialects...
University. He died on 29 July 2016. He researched in the fields of WorldEnglishes and Kashmiri language and published several books and research papers...
Singapore's Speak Good English movement". WorldEnglishes. 20 (3): 341–355. doi:10.1111/1467-971X.00219. "Speak Good English Movement brings fun back...
'Already in Singapore English', WorldEnglishes, 14(2), 181-188. Alsagoff, Lubna (2001) 'Tense and aspect in Singapore English'. In Vincent B. Y. Ooi...
Philippine English, as formally called based on the WorldEnglishes framework of linguist Braj Kachru, is a recognized variety of English with its distinct...
Pakistani English". English Today. 7 (2): 32–38. doi:10.1017/S0266078400005514. S2CID 145522537. Nelson, Cecil L. (2006). WorldEnglishes in Asian contexts...
Mapping Unity and Diversity World-Wide: Corpus-Based Studies of New Englishes, 2012, ISBN 9027274940, p. 140f MacKenzie, John (January 2013). "A family...
descendants English dialects, varieties of Modern EnglishWorldEnglishes Languages of England English language Fingallian Languages of England Scots language...
Indian English: a preliminary study". WorldEnglishes. 25 (1): 91–104. doi:10.1111/j.0083-2919.2006.00448.x. Braj B. Kachru (2005). Asian Englishes: Beyond...
gymkhana, along with slang. Indian English, like some other WorldEnglishes, is notable for its treatment of English mass and count nouns. Words that are...
British Overseas Territories English-speaking worldWorldEnglishesEnglish-based creole languages List of countries by English-speaking population List of...
Canadian English". WorldEnglishes. 31 (4): 449–466. doi:10.1111/j.1467-971X.2012.01773.x. Ball, Jessica, Bernhardt, B. May (2011). "First Nations English Dialects...
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