This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: Intro, reference-section, and categories needs improvement. Please help improve this article if you can.(November 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Work system has been used loosely in many areas. This article concerns its use in understanding IT-reliant systems in organizations. A notable use of the term occurred in 1977 in the first volume of MIS Quarterly in two articles by Bostrom and Heinen (1977). Later Sumner and Ryan (1994) used it to explain problems in the adoption of CASE (computer-aided software engineering). A number of socio-technical systems researchers such as Trist and Mumford also used the term occasionally, but seemed not to define it in detail. In contrast, the work system approach defines work system carefully and uses it as a basic analytical concept.
A work system is a system in which human participants and/or machines perform work (processes and activities) using information, technology, and other resources to produce products/services for internal or external customers. Typical business organizations contain work systems that procure materials from suppliers, produce products, deliver products to customers, find customers, create financial reports, hire employees, coordinate work across departments, and perform many other functions.
The work system concept is like a common denominator for many of the types of systems that operate within or across organizations. Operational information systems, service systems, projects, supply chains, and ecommerce web sites can all be viewed as special cases of work systems.
An information system is a work system whose processes and activities are devoted to processing information.
A service system is a work system that produces services for its customers.
A project is a work system designed to produce a product and then go out of existence.
A supply chain is an interorganizational work system devoted to procuring materials and other inputs required to produce a firm's products.
An ecommerce web site can be viewed as a work system in which a buyer uses a seller's web site to obtain product information and perform purchase transactions.
The relationship between work systems in general and the special cases implies that the same basic concepts apply to all of the special cases, which also have their own specialized vocabulary. In turn, this implies that much of the body of knowledge for the current information systems discipline can be organized around a work system core.
Specific information systems exist to support (other) work systems. Many different degrees of overlap are possible between an information system and a work system that it supports. For example, an information system might provide information for a non-overlapping work system, as happens when a commercial marketing survey provides information to a firm's marketing managers In other cases, an information system may be an integral part of a work system, as happens in highly automated manufacturing and in ecommerce web sites. In these situations, participants in the work system are also participants in the information system, the work system cannot operate properly without the information system, and the information system has little significance outside of the work system.
systems, service systems, projects, supply chains, and ecommerce web sites can all be viewed as special cases of worksystems. An information system is...
emails at once. Proof-of-worksystems are being used by other, more complex cryptographic systems such as bitcoin, which uses a system similar to Hashcash...
The 996 working hour system (Chinese: 996工作制) is a work schedule practiced illegally by many companies in China. It derives its name from its requirement...
displacement Work (electric field), the work done on a charged particle by an electric field Work (thermodynamics), energy transferred by the system to its...
the main champions of the piece rate system in the late 19th century. Although there were many piece rate systems in use, they were largely resented and...
sociotechnical systems. The term sociotechnical systems was coined by Eric Trist, Ken Bamforth and Fred Emery, in the World War II era, based on their work with...
perspective, information systems are composed by four components: task, people, structure (or roles), and technology. Information systems can be defined as an...
coordination can be supported by means of computer systems." The use of collaborative software in the work space creates a collaborative working environment...
estimating Predetermined motion time systems Standard data system Synthesis from elemental data Time study Work sampling Work Measurement is a technique for...
from the manufacturing shop floor to the office. Filing systems and other sophisticated systems for managing physical information flows evolved. Several...
experience as complex systems. It is inspired by systems theory and systems thinking, and based on the theoretical work of Roger Barker, Gregory Bateson, Humberto...
Knappich Augsburg. KUKA Systems GmbH, a division of KUKA, is a supplier of engineering services and automated manufacturing systems with around 3,900 employees...
and predetermined motion time systems. The study of work sampling has some general characteristics related to the work condition: One of them is the sufficient...
it is formal or informal, intentional or unintentional. Collaborative worksystems are those in which conscious efforts have been made to create strategies...
model. Sociotechnical systems is an organizational development approach which proposes that the technical and social aspects of work should be jointly optimized...
A work-breakdown structure (WBS) in project management and systems engineering is a deliverable-oriented breakdown of a project into smaller components...
Not safe for work (NSFW) is Internet slang or shorthand used to mark links to content, videos, or website pages the viewer may not wish to be seen viewing...
of the regulatory system. A similar, contributing effect has been identified within corporate rating systems, where gaming the system becomes virulent...
products, processes, and systems. Primary goals of human factors engineering are to reduce human error, increase productivity and system availability, and enhance...
Integrated safe system of work (ISSOW) is used in hazardous industry to request, review, approve and document tasks to be carried out by frontline workers...
Systems management refers to enterprise-wide administration of distributed systems including (and commonly in practice) computer systems.[citation needed]...
The shift worksystem in modern industrial manufacturing originated in the late 18th century. In 1867 Karl Marx wrote on the shift worksystem in Capital...
applicable to the improvement and upgrading of work systems. This integrated approach to worksystem improvement is known as methods engineering and it...
social work that focuses on larger social systems and social change, This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Community work. If...
part of it. In conclusion, automative technologies and computerized worksystems have typically enhanced workers' job satisfaction and skill deployment...
analyze systems of rigid bodies, but they have also been developed for the study of the mechanics of deformable bodies. The principle of virtual work had...
Global Information