The typical microstructure of Pine wood with plenty of tracheids
The anatomy of oak wood, full of vessels and two-sized rays
Typical bordered pits as in a coniferous wood species
Radial section of wood in which rays are shown
Wood anatomy is a scientific sub-area of wood science,[1] which examines the variations in xylem anatomical characteristics across trees, shrubs, and herbaceous species to explore inquiries related to plant function, growth, and the environment.[2][3]
Extensive study of the wood structure helps also in macroscopically or microscopically identifying the exact wood species for a variety of scientific, technical, historical, economical and other reasons. In recent years, wood anatomy also helps developing new techniques in preventing the illegal logging of forests,[4] that is the harvest, transportation, purchase, or sale of timber in violation of laws, leading to a number of environmental issues such as deforestation, soil erosion and biodiversity loss.
Commonly studied features include the dimensions of lumens and the thickness of walls in the conducting cells (tracheids, vessels), fibers, and various ray properties. The structural attributes of each xylem anatomical feature are largely predetermined upon formation and significantly influence its functionality, encompassing the transport and storage of water, nutrients, sugars, hormones, and mechanical support provision.[5]
These anatomical features are localized within (annual) growth rings, facilitating the establishment of intra-annual structure-function relationships and sensitivity to environmental fluctuations. However, generating large datasets of xylem anatomical data poses numerous methodological challenges.[6]
^Wiedenhoeft, Alex (2010). "Structure and function of wood". Wood Handbook: Wood as an Engineering Material: Chapter 3. Centennial ed. General Technical Report FPL; GTR-190. Madison, WI: U.S. Dept. Of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2010: P. 3.1-3.18. 190: 3.1–3.18. Retrieved 14 December 2023.
^"Anatomy, Organization, Wood". Encyclopedia Britannica. 20 July 1998. Retrieved 14 December 2023.
^"Wood anatomy - the role of macroscopic and microscopic wood identification against illegal logging" (PDF). Retrieved 31 March 2024. presentation by Dr. Gerald Koch
^"Wood Anatomy". careforwood.wordpress.com. 15 September 2014. Retrieved 14 December 2023.
^"Structure of Wood" (PDF). Retrieved 14 December 2023.
Woodanatomy is a scientific sub-area of wood science, which examines the variations in xylem anatomical characteristics across trees, shrubs, and herbaceous...
fruit Woodanatomy, including structure of the bark, cork, xylem, phloem, vascular cambium, heartwood and sapwood and branch collar Root anatomy, including...
Microscopic Wood Identification. Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki. Wilson, K., and D.J.B. White (1986). The Anatomy of Wood: Its Diversity...
"Systematic, phylogenetic, and ecological woodanatomy — History and perspectives". New Perspectives in WoodAnatomy. Forestry Sciences. Vol. 1. Dordrecht:...
primarily in southeastern Brazil including the Paraná River valley. The anatomy of the wood in the two sections also differs. Although usually treated in sect...
distribution range, pistillodes are always absent from the male flowers. The wood of A. acidum is diffuse porous with occasional small vessels in solitary...
Serviceberries "Amelanchier spp. Family: Rosaceae Serviceberry" (PDF). Center for WoodAnatomy Research. USDA Forest Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2004-03-08...
InsideWood is an online resource and database for woodanatomy, serving as a reference, research, and teaching tool. Woodanatomy is a sub-area within...
Commons has media related to Hura crepitans. Center for WoodAnatomy Research, details about the wood of the Sandbox tree (in Portuguese) University of São...
The International Association of Wood Anatomists (IAWA) is an association that studies woodanatomy formed in 1931. Their office is currently based in...
Harry A. (1994). "Fact Sheet for Platanus occidentalis". Center for WoodAnatomy Research. Retrieved 2019-12-03. "Platanus occidentalis". County-level...
called Bignonieae, consists mostly of lianas and is noted for its unique woodanatomy. The family has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution, but is mostly tropical...
sub-field encompasses woodanatomy which involves the (macroscopic - microscopic) identification of various wood species. Wood chemistry, whose primary...
2009-10-11. USDA Forest Service: Conocarpus erectus (pdf file) Center for WoodAnatomy Research - retrieved July 1, 2006 Florida Forest Trees - Buttonwood (Conocarpus...
Microscopic Wood Identification. Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki. Wilson, K.; White, D. J. B. (1986). The Anatomy of Wood: Its Diversity...
include trochlear surfaces. Joints can also be classified based on their anatomy or on their biomechanical properties. According to the anatomic classification...
South America. Synapomorphies such reduced staminate flowers, advanced woodanatomy features, and the presence of spermidines in pollen define the Coryloideae...
certain characters (pollen morphology, androecial vasculature, and woodanatomy, for example) support a closer relationship to the Malvoideae than to...
Wisconsin: United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Center for WoodAnatomy Research. Retrieved 20 September 2010. "Aspen, Quaking (Populus tremuloides)"...
Archived 8 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine 1974. A study of systematic woodanatomy in Cannabis. Harvard University Botanical Museum Leaflets 24: 29–36....
created for it. Later analyses of additional DNA data and data from woodanatomy indicated that the family should be placed in the order Huerteales. Angiosperm...
Fish anatomy is the study of the form or morphology of fish. It can be contrasted with fish physiology, which is the study of how the component parts...
As a botanist, Baas specialised in woodanatomy, and was an elected fellow of the International Academy of Wood Science. Baas was born on 28 April 1944...
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