Female participants in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics
Biochemist Ainhoa Murua Ugarte (es) at work in her lab
Many scholars and policymakers have noted that the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) have remained predominantly male with historically low participation among women since the origins of these fields in the 18th century during the Age of Enlightenment.[1]
Scholars are exploring the various reasons for the continued existence of this gender disparity in STEM fields. Those who view this disparity as resulting from discriminatory forces are also seeking ways to redress this disparity within STEM fields (these are typically construed as well-compensated, high-status professions with universal career appeal).[2][3][4][5][6]
^Kasuga, Reichi (1970). "Enlightement in Our Delusive Life". Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies (Indogaku Bukkyogaku Kenkyu). 19 (1): 379–383. doi:10.4259/ibk.19.379. ISSN 1884-0051.
^Gürer, Denise and Camp, Tracy (2001). Investigating the Incredible Shrinking Pipeline for Women in Computer Science. Final Report – NSF Project 9812016. Archived 2011-09-02 at the Wayback Machine
^Ceci, S.J.; Williams, W.M. (2010). "Sex Differences in Math-Intensive fields". Current Directions in Psychological Science. 19 (5): 275–279. doi:10.1177/0963721410383241. PMC 2997703. PMID 21152367.
^Griffith, A.L. (2010). "Persistence of women and minorities in STEM field majors: Is it the school that matters?". Economics of Education Review. 29 (6): 911–922. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.688.3972. doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2010.06.010.
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