English, Wisconsin High German, Low German, Kölsch, Swiss German, Luxembourgish
The term Wisconsin German refers to both Wisconsin High German and to heritage dialects of German spoken in Wisconsin.[1]: 5 By 1853, a third of Wisconsin's population was coming from German-speaking lands; by the end of the 19th century, Wisconsin's largest minority of non-English speakers were German speakers.[2]: 37 Unlike other heritage languages, which tend to become moribund by the third generation, Wisconsin German speakers have maintained their heritage language(s) alongside English for multiple generations,[1]: 5 from the 1840s to well until the mid-20th century. This is due in part to their immigration patterns: the German immigrants tended to settle within ethnically homogeneous (or similar) communities,[3][4] with similar linguistic, cultural, and geographic backgrounds.[1][4]: 119–120 Additionally, the maintenance of the language was supported by German being taught and used in many local churches, schools, and the press.[3] While Wisconsin German retains many standard and/or dialectal features of German, it has not only incorporated some linguistic elements of English, but also developed unique and innovative (morphosyntactic,[1] syntactic,[5] lexical[6]) characteristics of its own. By the early mid-20th century, social, political and economic factors such as urbanization, contributed to a general shift from German to English[citation needed].[4]
^ abcdYager, Lisa; Hellmold, Nora; Joo, Hyoun-A.; Putnam, Michael T.; Rossi, Eleonora; Stafford, Catherine; Salmons, Joseph (2015-01-01). "New Structural Patterns in Moribund Grammar: Case Marking in Heritage German". Frontiers in Psychology. 6: 1716. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01716. PMC 4653281. PMID 26635649.
^Petty, Antje (2013). "Immigrant Languages and Education: Wisconsin German Schools". In Purnell, Thomas; Raimy, Eric; Salmons, Joseph (eds.). Wisconsin Talk. Madison, Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 26–36. ISBN 978-0-299-29334-5.
^ abLucht, Felecia (2013). "Older Immigrant Languages". In Purnell, Thomas; Raimy, Eric; Salmons, Joseph (eds.). Wisconsin Talk. Madison, Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 26–36. ISBN 978-0-299-29334-5.
^ abcFrey, Benjamin (2013). "Towards a General Theory of Language Shift: A Case Study in Wisconsin German and North Carolina Cherokee". Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Wisconsin-Madison. ProQuest 1428389176.
^Bousquette, Joshua; Frey, Benjamin; Henry, Nick; Nützel, Daniel; Putnam, Michael (2013). "How deep is your syntax? Heritage language filler-gap dependencies". University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics. 19.
^Goss, Emily; Salmons, Joseph (2000). "The evolution of a Bilingual Discourse Marking System: Modal particles and English markers in German-American dialects". The International Journal of Bilingualism. 4 (4): 469–484. doi:10.1177/13670069000040040501. S2CID 144301735.
term WisconsinGerman refers to both Wisconsin High German and to heritage dialects of German spoken in Wisconsin.: 5 By 1853, a third of Wisconsin's population...
entered the state, most of whom emigrated from Germany and Scandinavia. Wisconsin remains a center of German American and Scandinavian American culture,...
German dialects are the various traditional local varieties of the German language. Though varied by region, those of the southern half of Germany beneath...
Teachers of German Bennett Law, 1889 Wisconsin law to prohibit teaching in GermanGerman American German American National Congress German-American Heritage...
societies in Germany. The early churches in the Wisconsin Synod had a strong German background; services and church business were conducted in German. Many of...
portal Germany portal German-Pennsylvanian Association Pennsylvania Dutch Country Hutterite German Languages in the United States WisconsinGerman Texas...
Cora Lee Kluge and Robert C. Ostergren. WisconsinGerman Land and Life. Madison: Max Kade Institute for German-American Studies, 2006. Conzen, Kathleen...
German Americans (German: Deutschamerikaner, pronounced [ˈdɔʏtʃʔameʁɪˌkaːnɐ]) are Americans who have full or partial German ancestry. The 2020 census...
state of Wisconsin itself, has one of the largest German-American populations in the United States, with an estimated 40% people claiming German ancestry...
with the consumption of alcohol by German immigrants on Sunday, as well as the prevalence of alcoholism. The Wisconsin legislature passed a law in 1849...
The history of Wisconsin encompasses the story not only of the people who have lived in Wisconsin since it became a state of the U.S., but also that of...
the Wisconsin State Assembly and the Wisconsin State Senate. Biography Schneider was born on November 30, 1826, in what is now Gillenfeld, Germany and...
Wisconsin Death Trip is a 1973 historical nonfiction book by Michael Lesy, originally published by Pantheon Books. It charts numerous sordid, tragic,...
Westphalian language WisconsinGerman Wymysorys language Yenish language Zipser German Zürich German List of territorial entities where German is an official...
(1st German), 107th Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and the 9th Wisconsin, consisted entirely of German Americans. Major recruiting efforts aimed at German Americans...
German Sport Guns GmbH is a German firearm manufacturer. Their company focus is on .22 LR firearms, intended for sport shooting and plinking. Its products...
32nd Indiana (1st German), and the 9th Wisconsin. German units had a reputation for discipline and martial prowess; many Germans had previously served...
ultimately would develop into the Wisconsin Progressive Party in the late 1930s, which was opposed to the conservative German Democrats and to the national...
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