Wheels whose rims connect to their hubs by wire spokes
For the tools, see wire brush and spoke wrench.
Wire wheels, wire-spoked wheels, tension-spoked wheels, or "suspension" wheels are wheels whose rims connect to their hubs by wire spokes.[1][2][3] Although these wires are considerably stiffer than a similar diameter wire rope, they function mechanically the same as tensioned flexible wires, keeping the rim true while supporting applied loads. The term suspension wheel should not be confused with vehicle suspension.[3]
Wire wheels are used on most bicycles and are still used on many motorcycles. They were invented by aeronautical engineer George Cayley in 1808.[4] Although Cayley first proposed wire wheels, he did not apply for a patent. The first patent for wire wheels was issued to Theodore Jones of London, England on October 11, 1826.[5] Eugène Meyer of Paris, France was the first person to receive, in 1869, a patent for wire wheels on bicycles.[6]
Bicycle wheels were not strong enough for cars until the development of tangentially spoked wheels. They rapidly became well established in the bicycle and motor tricycle world but were not common on cars until around 1907. This was encouraged by the Rudge-Whitworth patented detachable and interchangeable wheels designed by John Pugh. These wheels owed their resistance to braking and accelerative stresses to their two inner rows of tangential spokes. An outer row of radial spokes gave lateral strength against cornering stresses. These wheels were deeply dished so that steering pivot pins might lie as near as possible to the center-line of the tires. Their second feature was that they were easily detachable being mounted on splined false hubs.
A process of assembling wire wheels is described as wheelbuilding.
^Cite error: The named reference forrester1980 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Brown was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abCite error: The named reference Walker1920 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Ackroyd, J.A.D. (2011). "Sir George Cayley: The invention of the aeroplane near Scarborough at the time of Trafalgar" (PDF). Journal of Aeronautical History (6): 152. In the same month, March 1808, the notebook records his invention of the tension wheel in his search for "the lightest possible wheel for aerial navigation cars". His idea is ".. to do away wooden spokes altogether, and refer the whole firmness of the wheel to the strength of the rim only, by the intervention of tight strong cording.."
^See:
Notice of Theodore Jones' patent for wire wheels: Repertory of patent inventions, etc., no. 17 (November 1826), page 320.
Illustrations and description of Jones' wire wheel: Luke Hebert, ed. (April 20, 1828) "Patent suspension wheels," The Register of Arts, and Journal of Patent Inventions, 2nd series, 2 (29) : pages 65-66.
^Bulletin des lois de la République française (1873) 12th series, vol. 6, page 648, patent no. 86,705: "Perfectionnements dans les roues de vélocipèdes" (Improvements in the wheels of bicycles), issued: 4 August 1869.
supporting applied loads. The term suspension wheel should not be confused with vehicle suspension. Wire wheels are used on most bicycles and are still...
rim around the wheel in the 1st millennium BCE. The spoked wheel was in continued use without major modification until the 1870s, when wire wheels and rubber...
A bicycle wheel is a wheel, most commonly a wirewheel, designed for a bicycle. A pair is often called a wheelset, especially in the context of ready built...
wheels through a steering wheel and steering column, throttle, hydraulic brakes, brake pull handles and so on. In drive-by-wire systems, driver input is...
heavy-duty alloy wheel, for buses and trucks. An aluminium alloy wheel designed to recall the crossed spokes of a wirewheel Chrysler alloy wheel A sizable selection...
bolts. The centerlock wheel and hub system was first introduced by Rudge-Whitworth in the early 1900s, for use in automobile wire wheels. Initially called...
caps. These caps are threaded onto the center hub on the wood, steel, or wirewheel. These were made from the beginning of car manufacturing to 1932. Pre-1915...
staples, or other binding. Wire brushes usually either have a handle of wood or plastic (for handheld use) or are formed into a wheel for use on angle grinders...
process of assembling wire wheels (generally a bicycle wheel, but including wheelchairs, and some cars). The components of a wirewheel are the rim, spokes...
underlying principles and forces of flight and the first man to create the wirewheel. In 1799, he set forth the concept of the modern aeroplane as a fixed-wing...
Wheel is an educational book that explains the structural theory of a wirewheel, and teaches the practical methodology of building bicycle wheels. The...
attached, used wooden, rims with wire spokes. This style of wheel evolved into a stouter motorcycle-specific wheel, still with spokes, up to the 1960s...
A Ferris wheel (also called a Giant Wheel or an observation wheel) is an amusement ride consisting of a rotating upright wheel with multiple passenger-carrying...
steering is a system for reducing a driver's effort to turn a steering wheel of a motor vehicle, by using a power source to assist steering. Hydraulic...
into use in the 1630s, referring to the tool for winding the spring of a wheel-lock firearm. From German Spanner (n.), from spannen (v.) ("to join, fasten...
Wheel construction refers to the making of wheels. Construction of wire-spoked wheels is generally termed as wheelbuilding, so wheel construction refers...
A wheel hub motor, hub motor, or in-wheel motor is a motor that is incorporated into the hub of the wheel. Wheel-hub motors are commonly found on electric...
aftermarket wheel which was often replicated by other manufacturers. In 1987, BBS released their first one-piece forged wheel, the RG, based on the same wire-wheel...