This article is about the World War II defensive lines in Italy. For the Westworld episode, see The Winter Line. For the meteorological phenomenon where a 'second horizon' is formed, see Winterline.
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The Winter Line and the battle for Rome
Bernhardt Line
Monte la Difensa
San Pietro
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Rapido
Monte Cassino
Anzio
Cisterna
Diadem
Strangle
Trasimene Line
Ancona
Elba
German-prepared defensive lines south of Rome.
The Winter Line was a series of German and Italian military fortifications in Italy, constructed during World War II by Organisation Todt and commanded by Albert Kesselring. The series of three lines was designed to defend a western section of Italy, focused around the town of Monte Cassino, through which ran the important Highway 6 which led uninterrupted to Rome. The primary Gustav Line ran across Italy from just north of where the Garigliano River flows into the Tyrrhenian Sea in the west, through the Apennine Mountains to the mouth of the Sangro River on the Adriatic coast in the east. The two subsidiary lines, the Bernhardt Line and the Hitler Line, ran much shorter distances from the Tyrrehnian Sea to just northeast of Cassino where they would merge into the Gustav Line. Relative to the Gustav Line, the Hitler Line stood to the northwest and the Bernhardt Line to the southeast of the primary defenses.
Before being ultimately broken, the Gustav Line effectively slowed the Allied advance for months between December 1943 and June 1944. Major battles in the assault on the Winter Line at Monte Cassino and Anzio alone resulted in 98,000 Allied casualties and 60,000 Axis casualties.[1][2]
^Axelrod, Alan (2008). Real History Of World War II: A New Look at the Past. New York: Sterling Publishing Co Inc. pp. 208. ISBN 978-1-4027-4090-9.
^d'Este, Carlo (1991). Fatal Decision: Anzio and the Battle for Rome. New York: Harper. p. 490. ISBN 0-06-015890-5.
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river Sangro. By the end of the month, the main Gustav Line defences (the major part of the WinterLine) had been penetrated and the Allied troops were fighting...
ran across the line of the Eighth Army advance just beyond Faenza down to the Adriatic north of Ravenna. With snows falling and winter firmly established...
Mannerheim Line, Finland (1939–1940) K-W Line, Belgium (1939) Siegfried Line, Germany Gothic Line, Italy WinterLine (Gustav, Bernhardt and Hitler Lines)...
listing of the significant formations involved in the fighting on the WinterLine January 1944, during the period generally known as the First Battle of...
and buying time to complete their preparation of the WinterLine, their strongest defensive line south of Rome. The next stage of the Italian Campaign...
railroad line from Orlando, Florida, northeast and east to Lake Jesup via Winter Park and Oviedo. It eventually became part of the Seaboard Air Line Railway...
height. The horizontal line through the circle of the Plimsoll mark is at the same level as the summer load line. The winter load line is one forty-eighth...
Diadem was to break the German defenses on the Gustav Line (the western half of the WinterLine) and open up the Liri Valley, the main route to Rome....
depicting the battle, was broadcast by National Geographic. WinterLine Fifth Army at the WinterLine 15 November 1943 - 15 January 1944. American Forces in...
v t e The Hitler Line was a German Army defensive line in central Italy during the Second World War. The strong points of the line were at Piedmonte,...
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back a much larger Persian army, and Monte Cassino, which anchored the WinterLine in Italy in World War II. Brett A. Stoneberger (2004), Combat Leader's...
managed to breach the formidable Gothic Line defenses, the Allies failed to break into the Po Valley before the winter weather made further attempts impossible...
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