Water Margin information

*Water Margin*
Water Margin
	"Water Margin" in Traditional (top) and Simplified (bottom) Chinese characters
Traditional Chinese	水滸傳
Simplified Chinese	水浒传
Literal meaning	"Water Margin Story"
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Shuǐhǔ zhuàn
Gwoyeu Romatzyh	Shoeihuu juann
Wade–Giles	Shui3-hu3 chuan4
IPA	[ʂwèɪ.xù ʈʂwân]
Wu
Romanization	Sy去 vhu平 tsuae平
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization	Séui-wú jyuhn
Jyutping	Seoi2-wu2 zyun6
IPA	[sɵy˧˥.wuː˧˥ tsyːn˨]
Southern Min
Hokkien POJ	Suí hóo tuān

Water Margin
	A page from a block-printed version of the novel Water Margin, brought to Copenhagen, Denmark in the early part of the 17th-century
Author	Shi Nai'an (subject to academic debate)
Original title	水滸傳
Country	China
Language	Written vernacular Chinese
Genre	Historical fiction
Set in	Mount Liang, c. 1120
Publication date	Uncertain, perhaps mid-14th century; definitely before 1524
Published in English	1937, 1980, and 1994–2002
Dewey Decimal	895.1346
Original text	水滸傳 at Chinese Wikisource

Water Margin is one of the earliest Chinese novels written in vernacular Mandarin. It is one of the Four Classic Chinese Novels and is attributed to Shi Nai'an.^[1] It is also translated as Outlaws of the Marsh and All Men Are Brothers.^{[note 1]}

The story, which is set in the Northern Song dynasty (around 1120), tells of how a group of 108 outlaws gathers at Mount Liang (or Liangshan Marsh) to rebel against the government. Later they are granted amnesty and enlisted by the government to resist the nomadic conquest of the Liao dynasty and other rebels. While the book's authorship is traditionally attributed to Shi Nai'an (1296–1372), the first external reference to the novel only appeared in 1524 during the Jiajing reign of the Ming dynasty, sparking a long-lasting academic debate on when it was actually written and which historical events the author had witnessed that inspired him to write the book.^[1]

The novel is considered one of the masterpieces of early vernacular fiction and Chinese literature.^[2] It has introduced readers to many of the best-known characters in Chinese literature, such as Wu Song, Lin Chong, Pan Jinlian, Song Jiang and Lu Zhishen. Water Margin also exerted a significant influence in the development of fiction elsewhere in East Asia, such as in Japanese literature.^[3]^[4]

^ ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference methodology was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Li (2001), p. 626.
^ Cite error: The named reference Hedberg2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference D'haen was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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[methodology-1] Cite error: The named reference methodology was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[FOOTNOTELi2001626-3] Li (2001), p. 626.

[Hedberg2-4] Cite error: The named reference Hedberg2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[D'haen-5] Cite error: The named reference D'haen was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

Water Margin information

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