581–603 (administrative region of the First Turkic Khaganate)
603–657 (independent empire)
657–742 (vassal of the Tang dynasty)
625
WESTERN TURKIC KHAGANATE
EASTERN TURKIC KHAGANATE
SASANIAN EMPIRE
CHAM- PA
Kyrgyzs
TOKHARA YABGHUS
PUSHYABHUTIS
TANG DYNASTY
BYZANTINE EMPIRE
AVAR KHAGANATE
Khitans
CHENLA
Paleo-Siberians
Tungus
GOGU- RYEO
TUYUHUN
TIBETAN EMPIRE
◁ ▷
Greatest extent of the Western Turkic Khaganate c. 625, after the Battle of Bukhara (light brown), and their southern expansion as the Tokhara Yabghus and Turk Shahis (lighter brown)
Sogdian (coinage, official)[1][2] Old Turkic[3][4]
Religion
Tengrism Buddhism Zurvanism[5]
Khagan of the Western Khaganate
• 587–604
Niri Qaghan
Yabgu of the Western Khaganate
• 553–576
Istämi
• 576–603
Tardu
Historical era
Early Middle Ages
Area
630[6]
3,500,000 km2 (1,400,000 sq mi)
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Hephthalites
First Turkic Khaganate
Protectorate General to Pacify the West
Turgesh
Oghuz Yabgu State
Khazar Khaganate
Kangar union
Tokhara Yabghus
Second Turkic Khaganate
The Western Turkic Khaganate (Chinese: 西突厥; pinyin: Xī Tūjué) or Onoq Khaganate (Old Turkic: 𐰆𐰣:𐰸:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣, romanized: On oq budun, lit. 'Ten arrow people')[7][8] was a Turkic khaganate in Eurasia, formed as a result of the wars in the beginning of the 7th century (593–603 CE) after the split of the First Turkic Khaganate (founded in the 6th century on the Mongolian Plateau by the Ashina clan), into a western and an eastern Khaganate.
The whole confederation was called Onoq, meaning "ten arrows". According to a Chinese source, the Western Turks were organized into ten divisions.[9]
The khaganate's capitals were Navekat (summer capital) and Suyab (principal capital), both situated in the Chui River valley of Kyrgyzstan, to the east of Bishkek. Tong Yabgu's summer capital was near Tashkent and his winter capital Suyab.
The Western Turkic Khaganate was subjugated by the Tang dynasty in 657 and continued as its vassal, until it finally collapsed in 742. To the west, the breakup of the Western Turkic Khaganate led to the rise of the Turkic Khazar Khaganate (c. 650–969).
^Peter Roudik, (2007), The History of the Central Asian Republics, p. 24
^Peter B. Golden, (2011), Central Asia in World History, p 37
^The Cambridge History of Iran, Vol. 3, part 1, ed. William Bayne Fisher and E. Yarshater, (Cambridge University Press, 2003), 621.
^Taagepera, Rein (1979). "Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D.". Social Science History. 3 (3/4): 129. doi:10.2307/1170959. JSTOR 1170959.
^V. Thomsen, Turcica, p. 4–17
^"Turk Bitig". Archived from the original on 2015-02-03. Retrieved 2020-01-02.
^Christopher I. Beckwith, (1993), The Tibetan Empire in Central Asia: A History of the Struggle for Great Power Among Tibetans, Turks, Arabs and Chinese During the Early Middle Ages, p. 209
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