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The Western Apache language is a Southern Athabaskan language spoken among the 14,000 Western Apaches in Mexico in the states of Sonora and Chihuahua and in east-central Arizona. There are approximately 6,000 speakers living on the San Carlos Reservation and 7,000 living on the Fort Apache Reservation.[2] In Mexico, they mainly live in Hermosillo, Sonora, and other native communities in Chihuahua.[3] Goodwin (1938) claims that Western Apache can be divided into five dialect groupings:
Cibecue
Northern Tonto
Southern Tonto
San Carlos
White Mountain
Other researchers do not find any linguistic evidence for five groups but rather three main varieties with several subgroupings:
San Carlos
White Mountain
Tonto
Western Apache is most closely related to other Southern Athabaskan languages like Navajo, Chiricahua Apache, Mescalero Apache, Lipan Apache, Plains Apache, and Jicarilla Apache.
In 2011, the San Carlos Apache Tribe's Language Preservation Program in Peridot, Arizona, began its outreach to the "14,000 tribal members residing within the districts of Bylas, Gilson Wash, Peridot and Seven Mile Wash",[4] only 20% of whom still speak the language fluently.[5]
^"Detailed Languages Spoken at Home and Ability to Speak English".
^"Western Apache". Endangered Languages. Archived from the original on Oct 7, 2017. Retrieved 2017-02-10.
^"Conversatorio "Historia de la lengua y cultura n'dee/n'nee/ndé; hacia el registro en el Catalogo de las Lenguas Indígenas Nacionales (CLIN)"". Contigo en la distancia. Archived from the original on Oct 22, 2022.
^Rambler, Sandra (2011-11-09). "Arizona Silver Belt Tribe focuses on preservation of Apache language". Arizona Silver Belt. Archived from the original on May 25, 2014. Retrieved 2012-12-02.
^'Testimony of Mary Kim Titla:Reclaiming our Image and Identity for the next Seven Generations,' Senate Committee on Indian Affairs,' November 29, 2012.[dead link]
and 18 Related for: Western Apache language information
The WesternApache are a subgroup of the Apache Native American people, who live primarily in east central Arizona, in the United States and north of...
Southern Athabaskan languages are somewhat similar in their phonology. The following description will concentrate on WesternApache. One can expect minor...
The Apache (/əˈpætʃi/ ə-PATCH-ee) are several Southern Athabaskan language–speaking peoples of the Southwest, the Southern Plains and Northern Mexico....
dialects of the WesternApachelanguage (a Southern Athabaskan language). The following Tonto Apache tribes are federally recognized: Tonto Apache Tribe of Arizona...
recognized White Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache Reservation (WesternApachelanguage: Dził Łigai Si'án N'dee), a WesternApache tribe. It has a land...
Athabaskan languages, a family which also includes Navajo, Chiricahua Apache, Mescalero Apache, Lipan Apache, WesternApache, and Jicarilla Apache. As a member...
The San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation (WesternApache: Tsékʼáádn), in southeastern Arizona, United States, was established in 1872 as a reservation...
dialects Na-Dene languages: Lipan, Mezcalero, Chiricahua, WesternApacheLanguage families with all known members in Mexico Totonacan languages: Totonac (different...
and WesternApache. Chiricahua historically shared a common area, language, customs, and intertwined family relations with their fellow Apaches. At the...
people". The Plains Apache are also known as the Kiowa Apache. To their Kiowa allies, who speak an unrelated language, the Plains Apache are known as Semat...
Jicarilla Apache (Spanish: [xikaˈɾiʝa], Jicarilla language: Jicarilla Dindéi), one of several loosely organized autonomous bands of the Eastern Apache, refers...
grammar". Language. 62 (1): 56–119. doi:10.1353/lan.1986.0014. S2CID 144574879. De Reuse, Willem J. (1996). A practical grammar of the San Carlos Apache language...
related to WesternApache. These are considered the three dialects of Apachean. Although Navajo is a related Southern Athabaskan language, its language and culture...
Lipan Apache are a band of Apache, a Southern Athabaskan Indigenous people, who have lived in the Southwest and Southern Plains for centuries. At the...
in the Dene (Athabaskan) languages such as Navajo (Young and Morgan 1987, McDonough 2003), Tahltan (Shaw 1991), WesternApache, and in Chumash on the California...
jars and place in the sun to make sun tea. It is known as izeets'ósé in Apache. USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Thelesperma megapotamicum". The PLANTS Database (plants...
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