A levee (/ˈlɛvi/ or /ˈlɛveɪ/),[1]dike (American English), dyke (Commonwealth English), embankment, floodbank, or stop bank is a structure used to keep the course of rivers from changing and to protect against flooding of the area adjoining the river or coast. It is usually earthen and often runs parallel to the course of a river in its floodplain or along low-lying coastlines.[2]
Levees can be naturally occurring ridge structures that form next to the bank of a river or be an artificially constructed fill[3] or wall[4] that regulates water levels. However, levees can be bad for the environment.[5] Floodwalls are a more confined alternative.
Ancient civilizations in the Indus Valley, ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia and China all built levees. Today, levees can be found around the world, and failures of levees due to erosion or other causes can be major disasters,[6] such as the catastrophic 2005 levee failures in Greater New Orleans that occurred as a result of Hurricane Katrina.
^"levee". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
^Henry Petroski (2006). "Levees and Other Raised Ground". American Scientist. 94 (1): 7–11. doi:10.1511/2006.57.7.
^"Levee". education.nationalgeographic.org. National Geographic Society. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
^"Levee". National Geographic. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
^"Flood risk reduction with multiple benefits: more space for the river". www.preventionweb.net. 6 May 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2023.
^"A Look at Preventing Levee Erosion". Federal Emergency Management Agency. 11 February 2021. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
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