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Water reducers are special chemical products added to a concrete mixture before it is poured. They are from the same family of products as retarders. The first class of water reducers was the lignosulfonates which has been used since the 1930s. These inexpensive products were derived from wood and paper industry, but are now advantageously replaced by other synthetic sulfonate and polycarboxylate, also known as superplasticizers.
Water reducers offer several advantages in their use, listed below:
reduces the water content by 5-10%
decreases the concrete porosity
increases the concrete strength by up to 25% (as less water is required for the concrete mixture to remain workable)
increases the workability (assuming the amount of free water remains constant)
reduces the water permeability (due to less water being used)
reduces the diffusivity of aggressive agents in the concrete and so improves the durability of concrete
gives a better finish to surfaces (due to all of the above)
Waterreducers are special chemical products added to a concrete mixture before it is poured. They are from the same family of products as retarders. The...
Superplasticizers (SPs), also known as high range waterreducers, are additives used for making high-strength concrete or to place self-compacting concrete...
beaten with a wooden stick for even mixing. Egg whites can be used as a waterreducer as needed. Mosaddad et al. report the use of a mixture consisting of...
In chemistry, a reducing agent (also known as a reductant, reducer, or electron donor) is a chemical species that "donates" an electron to an electron...
limescale in kettles and water heaters. Wherever water hardness is a concern, water softening is commonly used to reduce hard water's adverse effects. Natural...
Water is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula H2O. It is a transparent, tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless chemical substance, and it...
Heavy water (deuterium oxide, 2 H 2O, D 2O) is a form of water whose hydrogen atoms are all deuterium (2 H or D, also known as heavy hydrogen) rather than...
Drinking water or potable water is water that is safe for ingestion, either when drunk directly in liquid form or consumed indirectly through food preparation...
A typical water slide uses a pump system to pump water to the top which is then allowed to freely flow down its surface. The waterreduces friction so...
serves as a reducer. It is a sleeve similar to a close nipple, but is threaded on both its inner and outer circumferences. Like a reducer, a double-tapped...
any damage to water quality. A third is improving water management practices that reduce the use or enhance the beneficial use of water. Technology solutions...
The Reduced-Moderation Water Reactor (RMWR), also referred to as the Resource-renewable BWR, is a proposed type of light water moderated nuclear power...
fabrication of concrete where they serve as waterreducer, or concrete superplasticizer, to decrease the water-cement ratio (w/c) of fresh concrete while...
the cycle. The cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, releasing carbon dioxide. The NADH generated by the citric...
them more workable and fluid for pouring, thus allowing the water contents to be reduced. Similarly, they are often added to clays, stucco, solid rocket...
A reduced pressure zone device (RPZD, RPZ, or RPZ valve) is a type of backflow prevention device used to protect water supplies from contamination. RPZDs...
use of electromagnetic radiation such as ultraviolet light. Water purification can reduce the concentration of particulate matter including suspended...
Tap water (also known as running water, piped water or municipal water) is water supplied through a tap, a water dispenser valve. In many countries, tap...
calcium ions. Soft water also extends the lifetime of plumbing by reducing or eliminating scale build-up in pipes and fittings. Water softening is usually...
as part of sustainable water management allows water to remain an alternative water source for human activities. This can reduce scarcity. It also eases...
eye (the cornea, lens, aqueous humor, and vitreous humor) by an ideal air/water interface surface that is located 20 mm from a model retina. This, converts...
thiosulfate (hypo) to reduce the density of a negative or gelatin silver print where the mixture is known as Farmer's reducer; this can help offset problems...
Mpemba effect is the name given to the observation that a liquid (typically water) which is initially hot can freeze faster than the same liquid which begins...
Water scarcity (closely related to water stress or water crisis) is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two...
removes contaminants and undesirable components, or reduces their concentration so that the water becomes fit for its desired end-use. This treatment...
to acrylic-modify the alkyd to make it water-reducible. Synthesis techniques of acrylic-modified water-reducible alkyds to improve corrosion performance...
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