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War of Canudos
Map of northern Bahia, showing the location of Canudos
Date
1896 – October 2, 1897
Location
Bahia, Brazil
Result
Movement squashed; settlement destroyed and survivors massacred
Belligerents
Brazil
Brazilian Army
Police Corps
Canudos inhabitants
Jagunços
Civil militia
Commanders and leaders
Arthur Oscar
Moreira César †
Febrônio de Brito
Virgílio Pereira
Pires Ferreira
Antônio Conselheiro †
João Abade †
Strength
12,000 soldiers (Army and Police)
25,000
Casualties and losses
Less than 5,000 dead
Almost 25,000 dead; only some 150 survivors
The War of Canudos (Portuguese: Guerra de Canudos, Portuguese pronunciation:[ˈɡɛʁɐdʒikɐˈnudus], 1896–1898) was a conflict between the First Brazilian Republic and the residents of Canudos in the northeastern state of Bahia.[1] It was waged in the aftermath of the abolition of slavery in Brazil (1888) and the overthrow of the monarchy (1889). The conflict arose from a millenarian cult led by Antônio Conselheiro, who began attracting attention around 1874 by preaching spiritual salvation to the poor population of the sertão, a region which suffered from severe droughts. Conselheiro and his followers came into attrition with the local authorities after founding the village of Canudos. The situation soon escalated, with Bahia's government requesting assistance from the federal government, who sent military expeditions against the settlement.
Antônio Conselheiro and his followers were branded as "monarchists" by the press, with the authorities seeing the settlement as a threat to the recently proclaimed Brazilian Republic, which was still in process of consolidating itself. Rumors spread that the inhabitants of Canudos were planning to "depose the new Republican government" and "restore the monarchy." The inhabitants of Canudos were "so numerous, employed such artful strategies and so committed" that it took four military campaigns to defeat them.[2] Despite the government's troops employing modern weapons against the poorly armed and organized Conselheiristas, the first three expeditions resulted in failure, including the death of Colonel Moreira César, which harmed the government's image and alarmed public opinion.
The conflict came to a brutal end in October 1897, when the fourth and final expedition, led by General Arthur Oscar, with a large fraction of the Brazilian Army, was deployed to bombard and overrun the settlement, raze it and slaughter nearly all its inhabitants.
^Levine, Robert M. (October 1991). "Canudos in the National Context". The Americas. 48 (2): 208. doi:10.2307/1006824. JSTOR 1006824. S2CID 147510781.
^Madden, Lori (1993). "The Canudos War in History". Luso-Brazilian Review. 30 (2): 8. JSTOR 3513950.
The WarofCanudos (Portuguese: Guerra de Canudos, Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈɡɛʁɐ dʒi kɐˈnudus], 1896–1898) was a conflict between the First Brazilian...
Madden, Lori: "The CanudosWar in History", Luso-Brazilian Review, vol. 30, no. 2, Special Issue: "The World Out of Which Canudos Came". Winter 1993,...
Santana (1872–1974) – Canudos inhabitants. Honório Vila Nova (1864–1969) – Canudos inhabitants. Later served in the Revolt of Juazeiro. Jones Morgan...
state of Brazil and some 30,000 inhabitants of a rebel community named Canudos in the northeastern state of Bahia. It marks the deadliest civil war in Brazilian...
killed most of the inhabitants. Some authors, such as Euclides da Cunha (1902) estimated the number of deaths in the WarofCanudos as being of ca. 31,000...
known as canudo-de-pito, literally "pipe-cane", as its hollow stems were used to make tubes for tobacco pipes. It thus became the namesake ofCanudos, a religious...
November 1894 until 14 November 1898, was marked by the WarofCanudos, a peasant revolt in the northeast of the country that was crushed by the Brazilian Army...
clubs. Some of these weapons were possibly used by rebels during the WarofCanudos, they may have been captured from the Bahia police after the engagement...
the WarofCanudos. José Ciríaco (?–1974) – Canudos inhabitants. Honório Vila Nova (1864–1969) – Canudos inhabitants. Later served in the Revolt of Juazeiro...
rifle and carbine version, it was used during the WarofCanudos in 1897 and later during the Contestado War alongside the Mauser Model 1908. Moreover, some...
internal conflicts in Brazil, such as the WarofCanudos and Constitutionalist Revolution. From the end of the 19th century onward, the Sorocaban knife...
Bajos en el siglo 19 "ArmasBrasil - Carabina Comblain". VILLELA Jr, M E C. CANUDOS: memórias de um combatente. 2 ed. Rio de Janeiro: EdUERJ, 1997. p. 107...
the favela trees in Bahia and had nowhere to live following the CanudosWar. Some of the last settlements were called bairros africanos (African neighborhoods)...
The Canudos State Park (Portuguese: Parque Estadual de Canudos) is a state park in Bahia, Brazil. It protects the area of the WarofCanudos, where peasants...
falsehood. Part of the production run was exported to China (see lower) or Latin America (for example Brazil army use them in WarofCanudos in 1896–1897)...
Federalist Rebellion (1893–95), WarofCanudos (1896–97), Vaccine Revolt (1904), Revolt of the Whip (1910) and the Revolt of Juazeiro ("Sedição de Juazeiro"...
list ofwars by death toll includes all deaths that are either directly or indirectly caused by the war. These numbers usually include the deaths of military...
"The CanudosWar in History". Luso-Brazilian Review. 30 (2): 21. JSTOR 3513950. Levine, Robert M. (1992). Vale of Tears: Revisiting the Canudos Massacre...
account of the military expeditions promoted by the Brazilian government against the rebellious village ofCanudos, known as the WarofCanudos. This book...
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