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A vulnerable plaque is a kind of atheromatous plaque – a collection of white blood cells (primarily macrophages) and lipids (including cholesterol) in the wall of an artery – that is particularly unstable and prone to produce sudden major problems such as a heart attack or stroke.
The defining characteristics of a vulnerable plaque include but are not limited to: a thin fibrous cap, large lipid-rich necrotic core, increased plaque inflammation, positive vascular remodeling, increased vasa-vasorum neovascularization, and intra-plaque hemorrhage.[1] These characteristics together with the usual hemodynamic pulsating expansion during systole and elastic recoil contraction during diastole contribute to a high mechanical stress zone on the fibrous cap of the atheroma, making it prone to rupture. Increased hemodynamic stress, e.g. increased blood pressure, especially pulse pressure (systolic blood pressure vs. diastolic blood pressure difference), correlates with increased rates of major cardiovascular events associated with exercise, especially exercise beyond levels the individual does routinely.
Generally an atheroma becomes vulnerable if it grows more rapidly and has a thin cover separating it from the bloodstream inside the arterial lumen. Tearing of the cover is called plaque rupture. However, a repeated atheroma rupture and healing is one of the mechanisms, perhaps the dominant one, that creates artery stenosis.
^Moreno, P. R. (2010). "Vulnerable Plaque: Definition, Diagnosis, and Treatment". Cardiology Clinics. 28 (1): 1–30. doi:10.1016/j.ccl.2009.09.008. PMID 19962047.
A vulnerableplaque is a kind of atheromatous plaque – a collection of white blood cells (primarily macrophages) and lipids (including cholesterol) in...
lumen. If a rupture (see vulnerableplaque) of the endothelium and fibrous cap occurs, then both a shower of debris from the plaque (debris larger than 5...
slowly progressive, and cumulative. Most commonly, soft plaque suddenly ruptures (see vulnerableplaque), causing the formation of a thrombus that will rapidly...
vivo. The progressive accumulation of plaque within the artery wall over decades is the setup for vulnerableplaque which, in turn, leads to heart attack...
Amyloid plaques (also known as neuritic plaques, amyloid beta plaques or senile plaques) are extracellular deposits of the amyloid beta (Aβ) protein mainly...
clots and reduce blood flow to the site of a clot. If the cap of a vulnerableplaque erodes or ruptures, as in myocardial infarction, platelets stick to...
in the field of imaging for the detection and characterization of vulnerableplaque and the identification of the causes of stroke. He is also the author...
And is run by the Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute since 2003. In 2005 a "Histopathological PlaqueVulnerability Index" was proposed. Disaster...
2008). "Elevated mature macrophage expression of human ABHD2 gene in vulnerableplaque". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 365 (2): 207–13...
and mechanotransduction (how bone cells sense mechanical forces), vulnerableplaque rupture (principal cause of cardiovascular death), the role of the...
neocortical involvement. This should not be confused with the degree of senile plaque involvement, which progresses differently. Neurofibrillary tangle and modified...
is led by senior Institute scientists. Atherothrombosis: How can vulnerableplaque be identified and treated? Bioinformatics Discovery and Translation:...
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(blockage) of a coronary artery following the rupture of a vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque, which is an unstable collection of lipids (fatty acids) and...
histological validation of imaging features of vulnerableplaque that will also serve to identify high-risk carotid plaques. Physiologically individualized therapy...
erythematosus who also have antiphospholipid antibody syndrome are more vulnerable. Patients with hematological or solid organ cancers may also experience...
impossible to remove the plaque by rinsing or using sprays. Materia alba is similar to plaque but it lacks the organized structure of plaque and hence easily...
to the teeth and acid creation by the bacteria that makes up the dental plaque. However, these four criteria are not always enough to cause the disease...
plaque was a teak carving of a player and a supporter, heads bowed either side of a wreath and a football inscribed with the date "1958". The plaque was...
Lodge, Upper Maze Hill, St Leonards-on-Sea, now marked with a blue plaque. The plaque was unveiled on 23 June 2012, the centenary of Turing's birth. Very...
house, House by the River: Newnham Grange to Darwin College In 2003 a Blue Plaque commemorating Gwen Raverat and Period Piece was unveiled at Newnham Grange...
network Optical telegraph – Tower-based signaling network Pioneer plaque – Plaques on the Pioneer 10 and 11 space probes with pictorial messages about...
or to perform cunnilingus on a female participant. Some women may feel vulnerable in this position, as it requires and implies a level of trust and a surrender...
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