Viriatos, named after the Lusitanian leader Viriathus, was the generic name given to Portuguese volunteers who fought with the Nationalists in the Spanish Civil War.[1] In the first weeks of the war, the Portuguese Army tried to form a Viriatos Legion to aid the Nationalist insurgents in Spain. The Legion was disbanded before any recruitment drive could take place after pro-Republican incidents in Portugal had convinced the government that direct intervention on the side of the Nationalists could cause further unrest.[2]
As a result of widespread publicity for the Viriatos Legion, Portuguese volunteers who later enlisted directly in the Spanish Foreign Legion, Carlist militias, the Falange, or regular army units were known as "Viriatos".
According to the historian Antony Beevor,[3] 12,000 Portuguese participated. The historian Christopher Othen claims the number to be closer to 8,000.[4] A Portuguese Military Observation Mission with members drawn from all three branches of the Portuguese military was present in Spain from 1937 onwards, with the dual objectives of protecting the interests of Portuguese foreign volunteers and collating information on the lessons learned during the civil war.[5]
Although the mission officially had a noncombatant role, its air force contingent took part in combat missions,[6] the aviator José Adriano Pequito Rebelo being a notable member.
^Herrera Alonso, Emilio. "VIRIATOS DO AR - Aviadores portugueses en la guerra de España" in Aeroplano nº12. (in Spanish)
^Othen, Christopher. Franco's International Brigades (Reportage Press 2008) p78
^Beevor, Antony. La Guerra civil española Archived 2020-10-13 at the Wayback Machine(in Spanish)
^Franco's International Brigades. Othen, Christopher. 2013. p. 79. ISBN 9780231704250.
^Franco's International Brigades. Othen, Christopher. 2013. p. 214. ISBN 9780231704250.
^Franco's International Brigades. Othen, Christopher. 2013. p. 215. ISBN 9780231704250.
Viriatos, named after the Lusitanian leader Viriathus, was the generic name given to Portuguese volunteers who fought with the Nationalists in the Spanish...
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Viriathus (also spelled Viriatus; known as Viriato in Portuguese and Spanish; died 139 BC) was the most important leader of the Lusitanian people that...
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ISBN 978-1-575-06332-4. Salinas de Frías, Manuel (2013). "El Afrodísion Óros de Viriato" (PDF). Palaeohispanica. (Ejemplar dedicado a: Acta Palaeohispanica XI:...
military operations. Besides these, other AM personnel volunteered as "Viriatos", these being mainly NCOs aviators who served as officers in nationalist...
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