Global InformationViktor Yanukovych information
Viktor Yanukovych | |
|---|---|
Віктор Янукович Виктор Янукович | |
 Official portrait, 2010 | |
| 4th President of Ukraine | |
| In office 25 February 2010 – 22 February 2014[a] | |
| Prime Minister |
|
| Preceded by | Viktor Yushchenko |
| Succeeded by | Petro Poroshenko |
| 9th and 12th Prime Minister of Ukraine | |
| In office 4 August 2006 – 18 December 2007 | |
| President | Viktor Yushchenko |
| Deputy | Mykola Azarov |
| Preceded by | Yuriy Yekhanurov |
| Succeeded by | Yulia Tymoshenko |
| In office 28 December 2004 – 5 January 2005 | |
| President | Leonid Kuchma |
| Deputy | Mykola Azarov |
| Preceded by | Mykola Azarov (Acting) |
| Succeeded by | Mykola Azarov (Acting) |
| In office 21 November 2002 – 7 December 2004 | |
| President | Leonid Kuchma |
| Deputy | Mykola Azarov |
| Preceded by | Anatoliy Kinakh |
| Succeeded by | Mykola Azarov (Acting) |
| People's Deputy of Ukraine | |
| In office 25 May 2006 – 12 September 2006 | |
| Constituency | At-large |
| In office 23 November 2007 – 19 February 2010 | |
| Constituency | At-large |
| Governor of Donetsk Oblast | |
| In office 14 May 1997 – 21 November 2002 | |
| Preceded by | Serhii Polyakov |
| Succeeded by | Anatoliy Blyznyuk |
| Chairman of Donetsk Oblast Council | |
| In office 14 May 1999 – 14 May 2001 | |
| Preceded by | Ivan Ponomaryov |
| Succeeded by | Borys Kolesnikov |
| Deputy Governor of Donetsk Oblast | |
| In office August 1996 – May 1997 | |
| Governor | Serhii Polyakov |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 9 July 1950[2] Yenakiieve, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union |
| Nationality | Soviet Union (1950–1991) Ukraine (1991–2014[citation needed]) Russia (alleged) (2014–present) |
| Political party | Party of Regions (1997–2014) |
| Other political affiliations | Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1980–1991) |
| Spouse |
Lyudmilla Nastenko
(m. 1971; div. 2016) |
| Children |
|
| Alma mater | Donetsk National Technical University Ukrainian State University of Finance and International Trade |
| Signature |  |
| Website | Viktor Yanukovych, President of Ukraine (Archived) |
Viktor Fedorovych Yanukovych (Ukrainian: Віктор Федорович Янукович, pronounced [ˈviktor ˈfɛdorovɪtʃ jɐnʊˈkɔvɪtʃ] ⓘ; Russian: Виктор Фёдорович Янукович, romanized: Viktor Fyodorovich Yanukovich; born 9 July 1950) is a former Ukrainian politician, who was the fourth president of Ukraine[3] from 2010 to 2014. He also served as the prime minister of Ukraine several times between 2002 and 2007 and was a member of the Verkhovna Rada from 2006 to 2010. A member of the pro-Russian Party of Regions, his removal from the presidency via revolution in 2014 led to the Russo-Ukrainian War. Since then, he has lived in exile in Russia.[4]
Before entering national politics, Yanukovych was the Governor of his native Donetsk Oblast from 1997 to 2002. He was simultaneously the Chairman of the oblast's legislature from 1999 to 2001.
Yanukovych first ran for president in the 2004 election, where he advanced to the runoff and was declared the winner against former prime minister Viktor Yushchenko. However, allegations of electoral fraud and voter intimidation caused widespread protests and Kyiv's Independence Square was occupied in what became known as the Orange Revolution. The Ukrainian Supreme Court ultimately nullified the runoff election and ordered a rerun, which Yanukovych lost to Yushchenko. Yanukovych ran for President again in the 2010 election, this time beating Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko in an election that was judged free and fair by international observers.[5][6]
Yanukovych argued in favour of economic modernisation, increased spending and, initially, continuing trade negotiations with the European Union (EU). He pledged to remain non-aligned in defence policy. However, his years in power saw what analysts described as democratic backsliding,[7] which included the jailing of Tymoshenko, a decline in press freedom[8] and an increase in cronyism and corruption.[9] In November 2013, Yanukovych made a sudden decision, amidst economic pressure from Russia,[10] to withdraw from signing an association agreement with the EU and instead accept a Russian trade deal and loan bailout. This sparked mass protests against him that ultimately led to his ousting as President.[11][12][13] The civil unrest peaked in February 2014, when almost 100 protesters were killed by police.[14] Yanukovych then signed an agreement with the opposition, but secretly fled the capital later that day. The next day, 22 February, Ukraine's parliament voted to remove him from his position and schedule early elections on the grounds that he had withdrawn from his constitutional duties,[15][16] rather than through following the impeachment process outlined in the Ukrainian constitution. Some of his own party voted for his removal.[17][18][19][20]
On 24 February 2014, the new government issued a warrant for Yanukovych's arrest, accusing him of being responsible for the killing of protestors.[21] Yanukovych went into exile in Russia, claiming to still be the legitimate head of state.[22] On 18 June 2015, Yanukovych was officially deprived of the title of president by parliament.[23] On 24 January 2019, he was sentenced in absentia to a thirteen year prison term for high treason by a Ukrainian court.[24] In various polling conducted since his departure from office, Yanukovych was ranked the least popular president in Ukraine's independent history.[25][26][27][28][29] Yanukovych has also given his name to a collective term for blunders made by Ukrainian politicians: Yanukisms.[30]
- ^ Resolution of Verkhovna Rada #757–VII. About self removal of President of Ukraine from execution of his constitutional powers and assignment of early elections of President of Ukraine (Про самоусунення Президента України від виконання конституційних повноважень та призначення позачергових виборів Президента України). Verkhovna Rada. 22 February 2014
- ^ "YANUKOVYCH, VIKTOR". Interpol. Archived from the original on 12 January 2015. Retrieved 12 January 2015.
- ^ Ukraine's Tymoshenko Slams Rival, No Comment On Election Result, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (11 February 2010): "International observers and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe have called the election transparent and honest."
- ^ Roth, Andrew (25 January 2019). "Ukraine's ex-president Viktor Yanukovych found guilty of treason". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
- ^ "Ukraine crisis: Timeline".
- ^ "Yanukovych set to become president as observers say Ukraine election was fair". the Guardian. 8 February 2010.
- ^ Ukraine election 'reversed democracy', OSCE says, BBC News (29 October 2012)
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
press-freedomwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
SL-ODwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Dinan, Desmond; Nugent, Neil, eds. (2017). The European Union in Crisis. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 3, 274.
- ^ Rajan Menon (28 January 2014). "Ukraine: Is Yanukovych Finished?". The National Interest. p. 3. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
- ^ Kathy Lally (11 March 2014). "Ousted Ukraine president warns of civil war, criticizes U.S. for aiding current government". The Washington Post. Retrieved 17 March 2014.
- ^ Maxim Eristavi (2 March 2014). "How Ukraine's Parliament Brought Down Yanukovych". The Daily Beast. Retrieved 17 March 2014.
- ^ "Accountability for killings in Ukraine from January 2014 to May 2016" (PDF). Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. pp. 9, 21–25.
- ^ "Rada removes Yanukovych from office, schedules new elections for May 25". Interfax Ukraine.
- ^ "Ukraine: Speaker Oleksandr Turchynov named interim president", BBC News (23 February 2014)
"Ukraine protests timeline", BBC News (23 February 2014) - ^ Andrew Higgins; Andrew E.Kramer (22 February 2014). "Archrival Is Freed as Ukraine Leader Flees". The New York Times. Retrieved 23 February 2014.
- ^ David Stern (22 February 2014). "Ukrainian MPs vote to oust President Yanukovych". BBC. Retrieved 17 March 2014.
- ^ "Офіційний портал Верховної Ради України". w1.c1.rada.gov.ua. Archived from the original on 12 March 2014.
- ^ Рада скинула Януковича [Parliament dropped Yanukovych] (in Ukrainian). 22 February 2014. Retrieved 19 October 2015.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
ArrestWarrantwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Yanukovych reportedly declares he is Ukraine's president and plans press conference in Russia on Feb. 28". Kyiv Post. 27 February 2014. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
- ^ Published law deprives Yanukovych of presidential rank, Ukrainian Independent Information Agency (17 June 2015)
- ^ "Ukrainian court sentences ex-president Yanukovich to 13 years in prison". Reuters. 24 January 2019. Retrieved 8 March 2019.
- ^ "Хто був найкращим президентом на думку українців". Всеукраїнська газета Наголос (in Ukrainian). 22 July 2019. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
- ^ "Українці визначилися з "найкращим президентом" в історії країни – Рейтинг". LIGA (in Russian). 18 May 2020. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
- ^ "Як змінювався рівень довіри та підтримки Зеленського та його попередників (оновлено)". Слово і Діло (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 11 May 2022.
- ^ "Оцінка президентів: найбільше довіряють Зеленському, найкращим вважають Кучму". Українська правда (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 11 May 2022.
- ^ "Історія президентів України в семи актах – Центр спільних дій". Сentreua (in Ukrainian). 1 December 2021. Retrieved 13 May 2022.
- ^ "Янукізми". Український тиждень (in Ukrainian). 3 September 2010. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
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