Orlagno (Verethragna) on the coinage of Kanishka I, 2nd century CE.[1][2]
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Verethragna or Bahram (Avestan: 𐬬𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬚𐬭𐬀𐬖𐬥𐬀vərəθraγna) is an Indo-Iranian deity.[3][4]
The neuter noun verethragna is related to Avestan verethra, 'obstacle' and verethragnan, 'victorious'.[5] Representing this concept is the divinity Verethragna, who is the hypostasis of "victory", and "as a giver of victory Verethragna plainly enjoyed the greatest popularity of old."[6] In Zoroastrian Middle Persian, Verethragna became 𐭥𐭫𐭧𐭫𐭠𐭭Warahrām, from which Vahram, Vehram, Bahram, Behram and other variants derive.
The word has a cognate in Vedic Sanskrit. The Vedic god Indra may correspond to the Verethragna of the Zoroastrian Avesta; In Vedic Sanskrit vārtraghna- is predominantly an epithet of Indra, which corresponds to the Avestan noun verethragna-.
The name and, to some extent, the deity was borrowed into Armenian ՎահագնVahagn and ՎռամVṙam, and has cognates in Buddhist Sogdian 𐫇𐫢𐫄𐫗 wšɣn w(i)šaɣn, Manichaen Parthian 𐭅𐭓𐭉𐭇𐭓𐭌wryḥrmWahrām, Kushan Bactrian ορλαγνοOrlagno.[7] While the figure of Verethragna is highly complex, parallels have also been drawn between, Puranic Vishnu, Manichaean Adamas, Chaldean / Babylonian Nergal, Egyptian Horus, Hellenic Ares and Heracles.
^Fleming, Benjamin; Mann, Richard (26 March 2014). Material Culture and Asian Religions: Text, Image, Object. Routledge. p. 433. ISBN 978-1-135-01372-1.
^Stewart, Sarah; Williams, Alan; Hintze, Almut (16 February 2016). The Zoroastrian Flame: Exploring Religion, History and Tradition. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 184. ISBN 978-0-85772-815-9.
^Kuehn, Sara (12 July 2011). The Dragon in Medieval East Christian and Islamic Art. BRILL. p. 103. ISBN 978-90-04-18663-7. With a foreword by Robert Hillenbrand
^Fragner, Bert G. (30 September – 4 October 1991). "[no title cited]". Proceedings of the Second European Conference of Iranian Studies: Held in Bamberg, 30th September to 4th October 1991, by the Societas Iranologica Europaea. Istituto italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente (published 1995).
etymologically derived from *Varhraγn, the Parthian name for the Indo-Iranian god Verethragna, although there are key differences between the two deities. Vahagn was...
wearing a beard and a royal diadem on his head. Reverse side: Heracles/Verethragna, holding a club in his left hand and a cup in his right hand; Greek inscription...
name of the Saoshyant. The singular also appears in Yasna 59.1 where Verethragna is said to be Saoshyant's weapon in overcoming resistance. A plural form...
Sassanid-era text, notes that on the 18th day "life is merry". Verethragna: The neuter noun verethragna is related to Avestan verethra, 'obstacle' and verethragnan...
divine figures, thus Heracles was seen as a representation of the Avestan Verethragna. The other titles that Mithridates I used in his coinage was "of Arsaces"...
wearing a beard and a royal diadem on his head. Reverse side: Heracles/Verethragna, holding a club in his left hand and a cup in his right hand; Greek inscription...
of obstacles") in the Vedas, which corresponds to Verethragna of the Zoroastrian noun verethragna-. According to David Anthony, the Old Indic religion...
who pass judgment on the souls of people after death Sraosha or Srōsh Verethragna - who may be the Vedic god Indra Yazatas are further divided into Amesha...
of oaths, like his Iranian counterpart Mithra (among others such as Verethragna and Fereydun) with whom he shares a common origin. It is forbidden for...
Anthony, Many of the qualities of Indo-Iranian god of might/victory, Verethragna, were transferred to the adopted god Indra, who became the central deity...
predominantly Zoroastrian land. The yazatas (deities) Mithra (Mihr) and Verethragna (Vahagn) particularly enjoyed a high degree of reverence in the country...
even though Heracles may be the interpretatio Graeca of the Iranian god Verethragna. Contrary to earlier assumptions, which regarded Kujula Kadphises as...
Angra Mainyu (Ahriman) thus causing drought. The blockage is removed by Verethragna (Vahram), and Tishtrya (Tir) gathers up the waters and spreads them over...
the same crown as Khosrow II, with the two wings being a reference to Verethragna, the god of victory. He is portrayed without a beard on his portrait...
prominent throughout the Sassanid age, "and were indeed (with Tiri and Verethragna) to remain the most popular of all divine beings in Western Iran." Moreover...
is derived from the Old Iranian Vṛθragna. The Avestan equivalent was Verethragna, the name of the old Iranian god of victory, whilst the Parthian version...
Nabu; Venus is Nāhid (ناهید) for Anahita; Mars is Bahrām (بهرام) for Verethragna; and Jupiter is Hormoz (هرمز) for Ahura Mazda. The Persian name for Saturn...
Jamshid), a metamorphosis similar to that of the yazata of victory, Verethragna. The crown as a repository of khwarrah is also attested in the Paikuli...
pair of feathered wings, meant to represent the Zoroastrian divinity Verethragna, the hypostasis of 'victory'. A crescent and globe is depicted between...
Herakles was syncretised with the cults of Nergal and the Persian deity Verethragna, and he served an apotropaic function. Figures of Herakles have been...
kingly glory. It was possibly also a symbol of the bird of the deity Verethragna. Over the course of his conquests, Tigranes founded four cities that...
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