For subsidiary states, see Vassal state. For other uses, see Vassal (disambiguation).
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A vassal swears the oath of fealty before Count Palatine Frederick I of the Palatinate.
A vassal[1] or liege subject[2] is a person regarded as having a mutual obligation to a lord or monarch, in the context of the feudal system in medieval Europe. While the subordinate party is called a vassal, the dominant party is called a suzerain. The rights and obligations of a vassal are called vassalage, while the rights and obligations of a suzerain are called suzerainty.
The obligations of a vassal often included military support by knights in exchange for certain privileges, usually including land held as a tenant or fief.[3] The term is also applied to similar arrangements in other feudal societies.
In contrast, fealty (fidelitas) was sworn, unconditional loyalty to a monarch.[4]
^Hughes, Michael (1992). Early Modern Germany, 1477–1806, MacMillan Press and University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, p. 18. ISBN 0-8122-1427-7.
^"liege subject". The Free Dictionary. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
^F. L. Ganshof, "Benefice and Vassalage in the Age of Charlemagne" Cambridge Historical Journal6.2 (1939:147-75).
^Ganshof 151 note 23 and passim; the essential point was made again, and the documents on which the historian's view of vassalage are based were reviewed, with translation and commentary, by Elizabeth Magnou-Nortier, Foi et Fidélité. Recherches sur l'évolution des liens personnels chez les Francs du VIIe au IXe siècle (University of Toulouse Press) 1975.
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