A model of the Vanguard 2 satellite in front of the Goddard Space Flight Center.
Names
Vanguard Space Launch Vehicle-4
Mission type
Weather satellite Air Density Experiment
Operator
Naval Research Laboratory
Harvard designation
1959 Alpha 1
COSPAR ID
1959-001A
SATCAT no.
00011
Mission duration
Weather observation: 19 days (achieved) 65 years, 2 months and 19 days (in orbit)
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft type
Vanguard 2E
Bus
Vanguard
Manufacturer
Naval Research Laboratory
Launch mass
10.75 kg (23.7 lb)
Dimensions
50.8 cm (20.0 in) of diameter
Start of mission
Launch date
17 February 1959, 15:55:02 GMT[1]
Rocket
Vanguard SLV-4
Launch site
Cape Canaveral, LC-18A
Contractor
Glenn L. Martin Company
End of mission
Last contact
15 March 1959
Decay date
2259 (estimated) ~ 300 years orbital lifetime [2]
Orbital parameters
Reference system
Geocentric orbit[3]
Regime
Medium Earth orbit
Perigee altitude
559 km (347 mi)
Apogee altitude
3,320 km (2,060 mi)
Inclination
32.88°
Period
125.80 minutes
Instruments
Optical scanner Radio beacon
Project Vanguard
← Vanguard SLV-3
Vanguard SLV-5 →
Vanguard 2 (or Vanguard 2E before launch) is an Earth-orbiting satellite launched 17 February 1959 at 15:55:02 GMT, aboard a Vanguard SLV-4 rocket as part of the United States Navy's Project Vanguard.[4] The satellite was designed to measure cloud cover distribution over the daylight portion of its orbit, for a period of 19 days, and to provide information on the density of the atmosphere for the lifetime of its orbit (about 300 years).[5][6] As the first weather satellite and one of the first orbital space missions, the launch of Vanguard 2 was an important milestone in the Space Race between the United States and the Soviet Union.[7][8][5] Vanguard 2 remains in orbit.
The Universal newsreel about Vanguard 2The Vanguard 2 satellite sketch
^McDowell, Jonathan. "Launch Log". Jonathan's Space Report. Archived from the original on 13 November 2009. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
^Cite error: The named reference Display was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"VANGUARD 2 Satellite details 1959-001A NORAD 11". N2YO. 24 January 2015. Archived from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
^"VANGUARD – A HISTORY, CHAPTER 12, SUCCESS – AND AFTER". NASA. Archived from the original on 9 May 2008. Retrieved 12 July 2017. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ ab"Vanguard Project". U.S. Naval Research Laboratory. 1 February 2010. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 9 February 2016. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^NASA, History, Chapter two, SATELLITES Archived 4 November 2004 at the Wayback Machine This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^Brian Dunbar. "Interesting Goddard Facts and Firsts". NASA (Goddard). Archived from the original on 25 December 2015. Retrieved 9 February 2016. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^Janice Hill (1991). Weather From Above: America's Meteorological Satellites. Smithsonian Institution. pp. 4–7. ISBN 0-87474-394-X.
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Global Information
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
