Historic forts built by the Spanish Empire to defend the Chilean city of Valdivia
View of the batteries of Castillo de la Pura y Limpia Concepción de Monfort de Lemus in Niebla.
The Fort System of Valdivia (Spanish: Sistema de fuertes de Valdivia) is a series of Spanish colonial fortifications at Corral Bay, Valdivia and Cruces River established to protect the city of Valdivia, in southern Chile. During the period of Spanish rule (1645–1820), it was one of the biggest systems of fortification in the Americas.[1] It was also a major supply source for Spanish ships that crossed the Strait of Magellan.
Building of the fort system began in 1645 and was overhauled after the Seven Years' War (1756–1763) by the military engineers Juan Garland and Manuel Olaguer Feliú. Having been a first-rate fort system in Spanish America, in the 18th century it was overshadowed by the forts of Cartagena de Indias, Havana and Puerto Rico.[2] The Valdivian Fort System was however still the main coastal fortification on Spanish America's Pacific coast.[2]
During its existence the fort system has seen hostilities twice; first in 1670 when it dealt with a suspicious English expedition led by John Narborough and finally in 1820 when Chilean patriots led by Thomas Cochrane successfully captured it.[3]
^"The Defensive Complex of Valdivia". Entry on the UNESCO Tentative List. Retrieved 2007-08-15.
^ abGuarda 1970, p. 30.
^Cite error: The named reference Urbina2017 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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