This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Mapuche language" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR(July 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Mapuche
Mapudungun
Native to
Chile, Argentina
Ethnicity
1,718,000 Mapuche[1]
Native speakers
260,000 (2007)[1]
Language family
Araucanian
Mapuche
Official status
Official language in
Galvarino (Chile)[2] Padre Las Casas (Chile) Temuco (Chile)
Language codes
ISO 639-2
arn
ISO 639-3
arn
Glottolog
mapu1245
ELP
Mapudungun
Core region of Mapuche population 2002 by counties.
Surfaces of circles are adjusted to 40 inhabitants/km2.
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.
mapu "land"
People
Mapuche
Language
Mapudungun
Country
Wallmapu·Chile
A Mapudungun speaker.
Mapuche (/məˈpuːtʃi/,[3] Mapuche and Spanish: [maˈputʃe], or Mapudungun (/məpuːðuːnɡuːn/);[4][5] from mapu 'land' and dungun 'speak, speech') is an Araucanian language related to Huilliche spoken in south-central Chile and west-central Argentina by the Mapuche people (from mapu 'land' and che 'people'). It is also spelled Mapuzugun and Mapudungu. It was formerly known as Araucanian,[5] the name given to the Mapuche by the Spaniards; the Mapuche avoid it as a remnant of Spanish colonialism.
Mapudungun is not an official language of the countries Chile and Argentina, receiving virtually no government support throughout its history.[6] However, since 2013, Mapuche, along with Spanish, has been granted the status of an official language by the local government of Galvarino, one of the many Communes of Chile.[7] It is not used as a language of instruction in either country's educational system despite the Chilean government's commitment to provide full access to education in Mapuche areas in southern Chile. There is an ongoing political debate over which alphabet to use as the standard alphabet of written Mapudungun.
In 1982, it was estimated that there were 202,000 Mapuche speakers in Chile, including those that speak the Pehuenche and Huilliche dialects, and another 100,000 speakers in Argentina as of the year 2000.[8] However, a 2002 study suggests that only 16% of those who identify as Mapuche speak the language (active speakers) and 18% can only understand it (passive speakers). These figures suggest that the total number of active speakers is about 120,000 and that there are slightly more passive speakers of Mapuche in Chile.[9] As of 2013 only 2.4% of urban speakers and 16% of rural speakers use Mapudungun when speaking with children, and only 3.8% of speakers aged 10–19 years in the south of Chile (the language's stronghold) are "highly competent" in the language.[10]
Speakers of Chilean Spanish who also speak Mapudungun tend to use more impersonal pronouns when speaking Spanish.[11] The language has also influenced the Spanish lexicon within the areas in which it is spoken and has also incorporated loanwords from both Spanish and Quechua.
^ abMapuche at Ethnologue (24th ed., 2021)
^"Galvarino es la primera comuna de Chile en establecer el mapudungún como su idioma oficial". Radio Bío-Bío (in Spanish). 7 August 2013. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
^"Mapuche". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
^Hernández S., Arturo; Ramos P., Nelly (1997). Mapuche: Lengua y Cultura. Translated by Vergara C., Luis; Merino, María Eugenia; Garbarini, Carmen; Barne, William. Pehuén. p. 13. ISBN 978-956-16-0769-9.
^ abHeggarty, P.; Beresford-Jones, D. (2013). "Andes: linguistic history.". In Ness, I.; P., Bellwood (eds.). The Encyclopedia of Global Human Migration. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 401–409.
^Sadowsky et al. (2013).
^"Chile agrees to official status for Mapudungun language at the local level". Nationalia. 2014-06-30. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
^Zúñiga, Fernando (2006). Mapudungun. El habla mapuche. Santiago: Centro de Estudios Públicos. pp. 43–47. ISBN 956-7015-40-6.
^Sadowsky et al. (2013), p. 88.
^Hurtado Cubillos, Luz Marcela (2009). "La expresión de impersonalidad en el español de Chile". Cuadernos de lingüística hispánica (in Spanish). 13: 31–42.
speech') is an Araucanian language related to Huilliche spoken in south-central Chile and west-central Argentina by the Mapuche people (from mapu 'land'...
The Mapuche (/mæˈpʊtʃi/; Mapuche and Spanish: [maˈputʃe]) are a group of indigenous inhabitants of south-central Chile and southwestern Argentina, including...
archaeological culture, the Mapuche people of southern Chile and Argentina have a long history which dates back to 600–500 BC. The Mapuche society underwent great...
The religion of the indigenous Mapuche people of south-central Chile and southwestern Argentina is an extensive and ancient belief system. Legends and...
goes for linguistics, where the Mapuchelanguage is considered a language isolate. Archaeological evidence shows Mapuche culture has existed in Chile at...
spoken respectively by the Mapuche and Huilliche people. These are usually considered divergent dialects of a single language isolate. It is estimated that...
within the broader Mapuche ethnic group, yet consider themselves quite distinct in both language and identity [...] Though the two languages [Huillichesungun...
commoners. The Leco language might also be related. Moulian et al. (2015) argue that Puquina language influenced Mapuchelanguage of southern Chile long...
Kueyen, Melipal, and Yepun (all words for astronomical objects in the Mapuchelanguage), are generally used separately but can be combined to achieve a very...
Wallmapu is the word in the Mapuchelanguage to say "Universe" or "set of surrounding lands", currently used by some historians to describe the historical...
One of the best-known arts of the Mapuche is their textiles. The tradition of Mapuche textile production dates back to pre-Hispanic times and continues...
by Jesuit Missionaries became extinct around 1800. The Mapuchelanguage is an isolated language that had approximately 8,400 speakers in the provinces...
The Mapuche conflict (Spanish: conflicto mapuche) involves indigenous Mapuche communities, also known as the Araucanians, located in Araucanía (Spanish...
population according to the 2002 Census, and the major languages of the population are as follows: Mapuche is spoken by an estimated 100,000–200,000 people;...
Mapuche medicine is the system of medical treatment historically used by the Mapuche people of southern Chile. It is essentially magical-religious in nature...
Fela Kuti's musical heritage. The word Newén means 'strength' in the Mapuchelanguage. Newen Afrobeat was founded in 2009 by the Chilean composer and singer...
mid-16th century, replacing Inca rule, but failed to conquer the independent Mapuche people who inhabited what is now south-central Chile. Chile emerged as...
Ancestral Mapuche (transl. "Mapuche Ancestral Resistance", RAM) is an indigenous organization advocated to the creation of an autonomous Mapuche state in...
Galvarino (died c. November 30, 1557) was a famous Mapuche warrior during the majority of the early part of the Arauco War. He fought and was taken prisoner...
Mapuche flag is each of the flags used as an emblem and symbol of the Mapuche Nation and the Mapuche communities and organizations in Chile and Argentina...
Arauco War was a long-running conflict between colonial Spaniards and the Mapuche people, mostly fought in the Araucanía region of Chile. The conflict began...
in Mapuche tradition. The word kalku is a borrowing from Puquina language Its adoption by Mapuches fits into a pattern of parallels in the Mapuche and...
grammar and vocabulary, especially by influences from local dialect of Mapuchelanguage (called huilliche or veliche) and some conservative traits. After the...
see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. Mapudungun, the language of the Mapuche of modern south-central Chile and southwestern Argentina, did not...
(Spanish pronunciation: [lawˈtaɾo]; c. 1534 – April 29, 1557) was a young Mapuche toqui known for leading the indigenous resistance against Spanish conquest...
Argentina derives from the toponym of its major island in Mapudungun (Mapuchelanguage): "Island of the Jaguar (or Puma)", from nahuel, "puma (or jaguar)"...
Global Information
