VGF information

VGF
Identifiers
Aliases	VGF, SCG7, SgVII, VGF nerve growth factor inducible
External IDs	OMIM: 602186; MGI: 1343180; HomoloGene: 2536; GeneCards: VGF; OMA:VGF - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 7 (human)
End	101,165,569 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 5 (mouse)
End	137,062,205 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	superior frontal gyrus; ; hypothalamus; ; pituitary gland; ; islet of Langerhans; ; primary visual cortex; ; prefrontal cortex; ; nucleus accumbens; ; anterior pituitary; ; dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; ; Brodmann area 9;
	Top expressed in
	suprachiasmatic nucleus; ; dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus; ; pontine nuclei; ; dorsal tegmental nucleus; ; median eminence; ; primary visual cortex; ; superior frontal gyrus; ; piriform cortex; ; olfactory tubercle; ; arcuate nucleus;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	neuropeptide hormone activity; growth factor activity; hormone activity; molecular function;
Cellular component	extracellular region; transport vesicle; cytoplasmic vesicle; intracellular membrane-bounded organelle; extracellular space; endoplasmic reticulum lumen; Golgi apparatus;
Biological process	ovarian follicle development; response to dietary excess; response to cold; response to insulin; response to cAMP; insulin secretion; defense response to bacterium; sexual reproduction; generation of precursor metabolites and energy; glucose homeostasis; carbohydrate homeostasis; regulation of synaptic plasticity; post-translational protein modification; regulation of signaling receptor activity; signal transduction;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	7425
	381677
	ENSG00000128564
	ENSMUSG00000037428
	O15240
	Q0VGU4
	NM_003378
	NM_001039385
	NP_003369
	NP_001034474
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

VGF or VGF nerve growth factor inducible is a secreted protein and neuropeptide precursor that may play a role in regulating energy homeostasis, metabolism^[5] and synaptic plasticity.^[6] The protein was first discovered in 1985 by Levi et al.^[7] in an experiment with PC12 cells and its name is non-acronymic. VGF gene encodes a precursor which is divided by proteolysis to polypeptides of different mass, which have a variety of functions, the best studied of which are the roles of TLQP-21 in the control of appetite and inflammation,^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14]^[15] and TLQP-62 as well as AQEE-30 in regulating depression-like behaviors^[16]^[17]^[18]^[19]^[20] and memory.^[21]^[22] The expression of VGF and VGF-derived peptides is detected in a subset of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems and specific populations of endocrine cells in the adenohypophysis, adrenal medulla, gastrointestinal tract, and pancreas.^[23] VGF expression is induced by NGF, CREB and BDNF and regulated by neurotrophin-3.^[24] Physical exercise significantly increases VGF expression in mice hippocampal tissue and upregulates a neurotrophic signaling cascade thought to underlie the action of antidepressants.^[16]^[25]^[26]^[27]

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000128564 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000037428 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Hahm S, Mizuno TM, Wu TJ, Wisor JP, Priest CA, Kozak CA, Boozer CN, Peng B, McEvoy RC, Good P, Kelley KA, Takahashi JS, Pintar JE, Roberts JL, Mobbs CV, Salton SR (July 1999). "Targeted deletion of the Vgf gene indicates that the encoded secretory peptide precursor plays a novel role in the regulation of energy balance". Neuron. 23 (3): 537–48. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80806-5. PMID 10433265. S2CID 17096284.
^ Alder J, Thakker-Varia S, Bangasser DA, Kuroiwa M, Plummer MR, Shors TJ, Black IB (November 2003). "Brain-derived neurotrophic factor-induced gene expression reveals novel actions of VGF in hippocampal synaptic plasticity". The Journal of Neuroscience. 23 (34): 10800–8. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-34-10800.2003. PMC 3374594. PMID 14645472.
^ Levi A, Eldridge JD, Paterson BM (July 1985). "Molecular cloning of a gene sequence regulated by nerve growth factor". Science. 229 (4711): 393–5. Bibcode:1985Sci...229..393L. doi:10.1126/science.3839317. PMID 3839317.
^ Bartolomucci A, La Corte G, Possenti R, Locatelli V, Rigamonti AE, Torsello A, Bresciani E, Bulgarelli I, Rizzi R, Pavone F, D'Amato FR, Severini C, Mignogna G, Giorgi A, Schininà ME, Elia G, Brancia C, Ferri GL, Conti R, Ciani B, Pascucci T, Dell'Omo G, Muller EE, Levi A, Moles A (September 2006). "TLQP-21, a VGF-derived peptide, increases energy expenditure and prevents the early phase of diet-induced obesity". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 103 (39): 14584–9. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10314584B. doi:10.1073/pnas.0606102103. PMC 1600003. PMID 16983076.
^ Rizzi R, Bartolomucci A, Moles A, D'Amato F, Sacerdote P, Levi A, La Corte G, Ciotti MT, Possenti R, Pavone F (August 2008). "The VGF-derived peptide TLQP-21: a new modulatory peptide for inflammatory pain". Neuroscience Letters. 441 (1): 129–33. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2008.06.018. PMID 18586396. S2CID 207127085.
^ Bartolomucci A, Moles A, Levi A, Possenti R (September 2008). "Pathophysiological role of TLQP-21: gastrointestinal and metabolic functions". Eating and Weight Disorders. 13 (3): e49-54. PMID 19011364.
^ Zhao Z, Lange DJ, Ho L, Bonini S, Shao B, Salton SR, Thomas S, Pasinetti GM (April 2008). "Vgf is a novel biomarker associated with muscle weakness in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), with a potential role in disease pathogenesis". International Journal of Medical Sciences. 5 (2): 92–9. doi:10.7150/ijms.5.92. PMC 2323610. PMID 18432310.
^ Bartolomucci A, Possenti R, Levi A, Pavone F, Moles A (November 2007). "The role of the vgf gene and VGF-derived peptides in nutrition and metabolism". Genes & Nutrition. 2 (2): 169–80. doi:10.1007/s12263-007-0047-0. PMC 2474945. PMID 18850173.
^ D'Amato F, Noli B, Brancia C, Cocco C, Flore G, Collu M, Nicolussi P, Ferri GL (May 2008). "Differential distribution of VGF-derived peptides in the adrenal medulla and evidence for their selective modulation". The Journal of Endocrinology. 197 (2): 359–69. doi:10.1677/JOE-07-0346. PMID 18434366.
^ Jethwa PH, Ebling FJ (2008). "Role of VGF-derived peptides in the control of food intake, body weight and reproduction". Neuroendocrinology. 88 (2): 80–7. doi:10.1159/000127319. PMID 18408361. S2CID 207626224.
^ Bartolomucci A, Bresciani E, Bulgarelli I, Rigamonti AE, Pascucci T, Levi A, Possenti R, Torsello A, Locatelli V, Muller EE, Moles A (March 2009). "Chronic intracerebroventricular injection of TLQP-21 prevents high fat diet induced weight gain in fast weight-gaining mice". Genes & Nutrition. 4 (1): 49–57. doi:10.1007/s12263-009-0110-0. PMC 2654049. PMID 19247701.
^ ^a ^b Hunsberger JG, Newton SS, Bennett AH, Duman CH, Russell DS, Salton SR, Duman RS (December 2007). "Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF". Nature Medicine. 13 (12): 1476–82. doi:10.1038/nm1669. PMID 18059283. S2CID 17245049.
^ Thakker-Varia S, Krol JJ, Nettleton J, Bilimoria PM, Bangasser DA, Shors TJ, Black IB, Alder J (November 2007). "The neuropeptide VGF produces antidepressant-like behavioral effects and enhances proliferation in the hippocampus". The Journal of Neuroscience. 27 (45): 12156–67. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1898-07.2007. PMC 3363962. PMID 17989282.
^ Thakker-Varia S, Alder J (February 2009). "Neuropeptides in depression: role of VGF". Behavioural Brain Research. 197 (2): 262–78. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2008.10.006. PMC 2648305. PMID 18983874.
^ Jiang C, Lin WJ, Sadahiro M, Labonté B, Menard C, Pfau ML, Tamminga CA, Turecki G, Nestler EJ, Russo SJ, Salton SR (November 2017). "VGF function in depression and antidepressant efficacy". Molecular Psychiatry. 23 (7): 1632–1642. doi:10.1038/mp.2017.233. PMC 5962361. PMID 29158577.
^ Jiang, Cheng; Lin, Wei-Jye; Labonté, Benoit; Tamminga, Carol A.; Turecki, Gustavo; Nestler, Eric J.; Russo, Scott J.; Salton, Stephen R. (2018-11-20). "VGF and its C-terminal peptide TLQP-62 in ventromedial prefrontal cortex regulate depression-related behaviors and the response to ketamine". Neuropsychopharmacology. 44 (5): 971–981. doi:10.1038/s41386-018-0277-4. ISSN 1740-634X. PMC 6462025. PMID 30504797.
^ Bozdagi O, Rich E, Tronel S, Sadahiro M, Patterson K, Shapiro ML, Alberini CM, Huntley GW, Salton SR (September 2008). "The neurotrophin-inducible gene Vgf regulates hippocampal function and behavior through a brain-derived neurotrophic factor-dependent mechanism". The Journal of Neuroscience. 28 (39): 9857–69. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3145-08.2008. PMC 2820295. PMID 18815270.
^ Lin WJ, Jiang C, Sadahiro M, Bozdagi O, Vulchanova L, Alberini CM, Salton SR (July 2015). "VGF and Its C-Terminal Peptide TLQP-62 Regulate Memory Formation in Hippocampus via a BDNF-TrkB-Dependent Mechanism". The Journal of Neuroscience. 35 (28): 10343–56. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0584-15.2015. PMC 4502270. PMID 26180209.
^ Levi A, Ferri GL, Watson E, Possenti R, Salton SR (August 2004). "Processing, distribution, and function of VGF, a neuronal and endocrine peptide precursor". Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology. 24 (4): 517–33. doi:10.1023/B:CEMN.0000023627.79947.22. PMID 15233376. S2CID 36298228.
^ Mandolesi G, Gargano S, Pennuto M, Illi B, Molfetta R, Soucek L, Mosca L, Levi A, Jucker R, Nasi S (January 2002). "NGF-dependent and tissue-specific transcription of vgf is regulated by a CREB-p300 and bHLH factor interaction". FEBS Letters. 510 (1–2): 50–6. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(01)03227-6. PMID 11755530. S2CID 19320196.
^ Thakker-Varia S, Krol JJ, Nettleton J, Bilimoria PM, Bangasser DA, Shors TJ, Black IB, Alder J (November 2007). "The neuropeptide VGF produces antidepressant-like behavioral effects and enhances proliferation in the hippocampus". The Journal of Neuroscience. 27 (45): 12156–67. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1898-07.2007. PMC 3363962. PMID 17989282.
^ Malberg JE, Monteggia LM (May 2008). "VGF, a new player in antidepressant action?". Science Signaling. 1 (18): pe19. doi:10.1126/stke.118pe19. PMC 2745068. PMID 18460680.
^ Thakker-Varia S, Alder J (February 2009). "Neuropeptides in depression: role of VGF". Behavioural Brain Research. 197 (2): 262–78. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2008.10.006. PMC 2648305. PMID 18983874.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000128564 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000037428 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid10433265-5] Hahm S, Mizuno TM, Wu TJ, Wisor JP, Priest CA, Kozak CA, Boozer CN, Peng B, McEvoy RC, Good P, Kelley KA, Takahashi JS, Pintar JE, Roberts JL, Mobbs CV, Salton SR (July 1999). "Targeted deletion of the Vgf gene indicates that the encoded secretory peptide precursor plays a novel role in the regulation of energy balance". Neuron. 23 (3): 537–48. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80806-5. PMID 10433265. S2CID 17096284.

[pmid14645472-6] Alder J, Thakker-Varia S, Bangasser DA, Kuroiwa M, Plummer MR, Shors TJ, Black IB (November 2003). "Brain-derived neurotrophic factor-induced gene expression reveals novel actions of VGF in hippocampal synaptic plasticity". The Journal of Neuroscience. 23 (34): 10800–8. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-34-10800.2003. PMC 3374594. PMID 14645472.

[pmid3839317-7] Levi A, Eldridge JD, Paterson BM (July 1985). "Molecular cloning of a gene sequence regulated by nerve growth factor". Science. 229 (4711): 393–5. Bibcode:1985Sci...229..393L. doi:10.1126/science.3839317. PMID 3839317.

[pmid16983076-8] Bartolomucci A, La Corte G, Possenti R, Locatelli V, Rigamonti AE, Torsello A, Bresciani E, Bulgarelli I, Rizzi R, Pavone F, D'Amato FR, Severini C, Mignogna G, Giorgi A, Schininà ME, Elia G, Brancia C, Ferri GL, Conti R, Ciani B, Pascucci T, Dell'Omo G, Muller EE, Levi A, Moles A (September 2006). "TLQP-21, a VGF-derived peptide, increases energy expenditure and prevents the early phase of diet-induced obesity". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 103 (39): 14584–9. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10314584B. doi:10.1073/pnas.0606102103. PMC 1600003. PMID 16983076.

[pmid18586396-9] Rizzi R, Bartolomucci A, Moles A, D'Amato F, Sacerdote P, Levi A, La Corte G, Ciotti MT, Possenti R, Pavone F (August 2008). "The VGF-derived peptide TLQP-21: a new modulatory peptide for inflammatory pain". Neuroscience Letters. 441 (1): 129–33. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2008.06.018. PMID 18586396. S2CID 207127085.

[pmid19011364-10] Bartolomucci A, Moles A, Levi A, Possenti R (September 2008). "Pathophysiological role of TLQP-21: gastrointestinal and metabolic functions". Eating and Weight Disorders. 13 (3): e49-54. PMID 19011364.

[pmid18432310-11] Zhao Z, Lange DJ, Ho L, Bonini S, Shao B, Salton SR, Thomas S, Pasinetti GM (April 2008). "Vgf is a novel biomarker associated with muscle weakness in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), with a potential role in disease pathogenesis". International Journal of Medical Sciences. 5 (2): 92–9. doi:10.7150/ijms.5.92. PMC 2323610. PMID 18432310.

[pmid18850173-12] Bartolomucci A, Possenti R, Levi A, Pavone F, Moles A (November 2007). "The role of the vgf gene and VGF-derived peptides in nutrition and metabolism". Genes & Nutrition. 2 (2): 169–80. doi:10.1007/s12263-007-0047-0. PMC 2474945. PMID 18850173.

[pmid18434366-13] D'Amato F, Noli B, Brancia C, Cocco C, Flore G, Collu M, Nicolussi P, Ferri GL (May 2008). "Differential distribution of VGF-derived peptides in the adrenal medulla and evidence for their selective modulation". The Journal of Endocrinology. 197 (2): 359–69. doi:10.1677/JOE-07-0346. PMID 18434366.

[pmid18408361-14] Jethwa PH, Ebling FJ (2008). "Role of VGF-derived peptides in the control of food intake, body weight and reproduction". Neuroendocrinology. 88 (2): 80–7. doi:10.1159/000127319. PMID 18408361. S2CID 207626224.

[pmid19247701-15] Bartolomucci A, Bresciani E, Bulgarelli I, Rigamonti AE, Pascucci T, Levi A, Possenti R, Torsello A, Locatelli V, Muller EE, Moles A (March 2009). "Chronic intracerebroventricular injection of TLQP-21 prevents high fat diet induced weight gain in fast weight-gaining mice". Genes & Nutrition. 4 (1): 49–57. doi:10.1007/s12263-009-0110-0. PMC 2654049. PMID 19247701.

[pmid18059283-16] Hunsberger JG, Newton SS, Bennett AH, Duman CH, Russell DS, Salton SR, Duman RS (December 2007). "Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF". Nature Medicine. 13 (12): 1476–82. doi:10.1038/nm1669. PMID 18059283. S2CID 17245049.

[17] Thakker-Varia S, Krol JJ, Nettleton J, Bilimoria PM, Bangasser DA, Shors TJ, Black IB, Alder J (November 2007). "The neuropeptide VGF produces antidepressant-like behavioral effects and enhances proliferation in the hippocampus". The Journal of Neuroscience. 27 (45): 12156–67. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1898-07.2007. PMC 3363962. PMID 17989282.

[18] Thakker-Varia S, Alder J (February 2009). "Neuropeptides in depression: role of VGF". Behavioural Brain Research. 197 (2): 262–78. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2008.10.006. PMC 2648305. PMID 18983874.

[19] Jiang C, Lin WJ, Sadahiro M, Labonté B, Menard C, Pfau ML, Tamminga CA, Turecki G, Nestler EJ, Russo SJ, Salton SR (November 2017). "VGF function in depression and antidepressant efficacy". Molecular Psychiatry. 23 (7): 1632–1642. doi:10.1038/mp.2017.233. PMC 5962361. PMID 29158577.

[20] Jiang, Cheng; Lin, Wei-Jye; Labonté, Benoit; Tamminga, Carol A.; Turecki, Gustavo; Nestler, Eric J.; Russo, Scott J.; Salton, Stephen R. (2018-11-20). "VGF and its C-terminal peptide TLQP-62 in ventromedial prefrontal cortex regulate depression-related behaviors and the response to ketamine". Neuropsychopharmacology. 44 (5): 971–981. doi:10.1038/s41386-018-0277-4. ISSN 1740-634X. PMC 6462025. PMID 30504797.

[21] Bozdagi O, Rich E, Tronel S, Sadahiro M, Patterson K, Shapiro ML, Alberini CM, Huntley GW, Salton SR (September 2008). "The neurotrophin-inducible gene Vgf regulates hippocampal function and behavior through a brain-derived neurotrophic factor-dependent mechanism". The Journal of Neuroscience. 28 (39): 9857–69. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3145-08.2008. PMC 2820295. PMID 18815270.

[22] Lin WJ, Jiang C, Sadahiro M, Bozdagi O, Vulchanova L, Alberini CM, Salton SR (July 2015). "VGF and Its C-Terminal Peptide TLQP-62 Regulate Memory Formation in Hippocampus via a BDNF-TrkB-Dependent Mechanism". The Journal of Neuroscience. 35 (28): 10343–56. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0584-15.2015. PMC 4502270. PMID 26180209.

[pmid15233376-23] Levi A, Ferri GL, Watson E, Possenti R, Salton SR (August 2004). "Processing, distribution, and function of VGF, a neuronal and endocrine peptide precursor". Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology. 24 (4): 517–33. doi:10.1023/B:CEMN.0000023627.79947.22. PMID 15233376. S2CID 36298228.

[pmid11755530-24] Mandolesi G, Gargano S, Pennuto M, Illi B, Molfetta R, Soucek L, Mosca L, Levi A, Jucker R, Nasi S (January 2002). "NGF-dependent and tissue-specific transcription of vgf is regulated by a CREB-p300 and bHLH factor interaction". FEBS Letters. 510 (1–2): 50–6. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(01)03227-6. PMID 11755530. S2CID 19320196.

[pmid17989282-25] Thakker-Varia S, Krol JJ, Nettleton J, Bilimoria PM, Bangasser DA, Shors TJ, Black IB, Alder J (November 2007). "The neuropeptide VGF produces antidepressant-like behavioral effects and enhances proliferation in the hippocampus". The Journal of Neuroscience. 27 (45): 12156–67. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1898-07.2007. PMC 3363962. PMID 17989282.

[pmid18460680-26] Malberg JE, Monteggia LM (May 2008). "VGF, a new player in antidepressant action?". Science Signaling. 1 (18): pe19. doi:10.1126/stke.118pe19. PMC 2745068. PMID 18460680.

[pmid18983874-27] Thakker-Varia S, Alder J (February 2009). "Neuropeptides in depression: role of VGF". Behavioural Brain Research. 197 (2): 262–78. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2008.10.006. PMC 2648305. PMID 18983874.

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