Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Chemical compound
Crystals of urea nitrate
Urea nitrate is a fertilizer-based high explosive that has been used in improvised explosive devices in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq, and various terrorist acts elsewhere in the world such as in the 1993 World Trade Center bombings.[2] It has a destructive power similar to better-known ammonium nitrate explosives, with a velocity of detonation between 3,400 m/s (11,155 ft/s) and 4,700 m/s (15,420 ft/s).[3] It has chemical formula of CH5N3O4 or (NH2)2COHNO3.
Urea nitrate is produced in one step by reaction of urea with nitric acid. This is an exothermic reaction, so steps must be taken to control the temperature.
Urea nitrate explosions may be initiated using a blasting cap.[3]
^ abcdeOxley, Jimmie C.; Smith, James L.; Vadlamannati, Sravanthi; Brown, Austin C.; Zhang, Guang; Swanson, Devon S.; Canino, Jonathan (2013). "Synthesis and Characterization of Urea Nitrate and Nitrourea". Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics. 38 (3): 335–344. doi:10.1002/prep.201200178.
^Aaron Rowe (18 September 2007). "Chem Lab: Spray-On Test for Improvised Explosives". Wired.
Ureanitrate is a fertilizer-based high explosive that has been used in improvised explosive devices in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq, and various terrorist...
and filtered. After cooling, pure crystals of ureanitrate form. To reconstitute the urea from the nitrate, the crystals are dissolved in warm water, and...
UAN is a solution of urea and ammonium nitrate in water used as a fertilizer. The combination of urea and ammonium nitrate has an extremely low critical...
the World Trade Center complex in New York City. The 1,336 lb (606 kg) ureanitrate–hydrogen gas enhanced device was intended to send the North Tower crashing...
Ammonium nitrate is an important fertilizer with NPK rating 34-0-0 (34% nitrogen). It is less concentrated than urea (46-0-0), giving ammonium nitrate a slight...
calcium nitrate, magnesium nitrate and potassium nitrate to produce water-soluble formulas such as 15-5-15 and 13-2-20. The acidity of urea phosphate...
anhydrous, air-stable derivative is the urea complex Ca(NO3)2·4[OC(NH2)2], which has been sold as Cal-Urea. Calcium nitrate is also used to control certain plant...
high explosive compound synthesized by the nitration of urea or by way of a dehydration reaction of ureanitrate. "Nitrourea". CAMEO Chemicals. NOAA. 2.4...
World Trade Center in New York City, New York. The 1,500 lb (680 kg) ureanitrate-hydrogen gas enhanced device was intended to knock the North Tower (Tower...
created by a diesel engine. Specifically, DEF is an aqueous urea solution made with 32.5% urea and 67.5% deionized water. DEF is consumed in a selective...
sodium nitrate. Nitrates are produced by a number of species of nitrifying bacteria in the natural environment using ammonia or urea as a source of nitrogen...
nitrogen fertilizers, such as anhydrous ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and urea (CO(NH2)2). Deposits of sodium nitrate (NaNO3) (Chilean saltpeter) are also found...
60) kg to obtain the same effects as 1 kg of TNT. With ANFO or ammonium nitrate, they would require 1.0/0.74 (or 1.35) kg or 1.0/0.32 (or 3.125) kg, respectively...
She published on the preparation, characterization, and analysis of ureanitrate. Tamiri served as the president of the Israeli Society of Mass Spectrometry...
tower. Certain agrochemicals such as urea are often supplied in prilled form. Fertilizers (ammonium nitrate, urea, NPK fertilizer) and some detergent powders...
risk than other common nitrogen fertilizers, such as ammonium nitrate. However, if urea is applied to the soil surface, a meaningful fraction of applied...
mixture of sugar and potassium nitrate, a common fertilizer. The warhead is filled with smuggled or scavenged TNT and ureanitrate, another common fertilizer...
chemicals such as calcium cyanide or ammonium nitrate. However, the risk of fertilizer burn with urea can be unacceptably high in some situations, such...
marketing of urea, Neem-coated urea, bio-fertilizers (solid and liquid) and other allied industrial products like ammonia, nitric acid, ammonium nitrate, sodium...
coincide with the tenth anniversary of the 7/7 attacks. They had 10 kg of ureanitrate. Rehman called himself the 'silent bomber' and asked his Twitter followers...
Sana Ahmed Khan planned to explode a bomb which consisted of 10 kg of ureanitrate inside the shopping centre. The attack was set to occur on the 10 year...
life imprisonment for preparing an act of terrorism. They had 10 kg of ureanitrate. Rehman called himself the 'silent bomber' and asked his Twitter followers...
the water. The two most common nutrients are fixed nitrogen (nitrates, ammonia, and urea) and phosphate. The excess nutrients are emitted by agriculture...
Trinitrotoluene wetted with not less than 30 percent water, by mass UN 1357 4.1 Ureanitrate, wetted with not less than 20 percent water, by mass UN 1358 4.1 Zirconium...
One of the World Trade Center in New York City. The 1,500 lb (680 kg) ureanitrate-fuel oil device killed six and injured over a thousand people. It was...
the effect of salt mixing is most dramatic in the case of ammonium nitrate with urea. This mixture has an extremely low critical relative humidity and...
electron acceptor. Anaerobes instead use less-oxidizing substances such as nitrate (NO− 3), fumarate (C 4H 2O2− 4), sulfate (SO2− 4), or elemental sulfur...
technology for manufacturing urea as well as provide follow-up services designed to ensure the best possible operation of the urea plant throughout its working...
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