• Median conquest (or Achaemenid conquest in 547[4])
590 BC
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Nairi
Median Empire
Achaemenid Empire
Satrapy of Armenia
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Timeline • Origins • Etymology
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Urartu (/ʊˈrɑːrtuː/; Assyrian:
māt Urarṭu,[5] Babylonian: Urashtu, Hebrew: אֲרָרָטArarat) was an Iron Age kingdom centered around Lake Van in the Armenian Highlands. It extended from the eastern bank of the upper Euphrates River to the western shores of Lake Urmia and from the mountains of northern Iraq to the Lesser Caucasus Mountains.[6] Its kings left behind cuneiform inscriptions in the Urartian language, a member of the Hurro-Urartian language family.[6] Since its re-discovery in the 19th century, Urartu, which is commonly believed to have been at least partially Armenian-speaking,[2][7][8][9][10] has played a significant role in Armenian nationalism.[11]
The kingdom emerged in the mid-9th century BC and dominated the Armenian Highlands in the 8th and 7th centuries BC.[12] Urartu frequently warred with Assyria and became, for a time, the most powerful state in the Near East.[12] Weakened by constant conflict, it was eventually conquered by the Iranian Medes in the early 6th century BC.[13] Archaeologically, it is noted for its large fortresses and sophisticated metalwork.[14]
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
^Van de Mieroop, Marc (2007). A History of the Ancient Near East, ca. 3000-323 BC. Blackwell Publishing. p. 215.
^ abDiakonoff, Igor M (1992). "First Evidence of the Proto-Armenian Language in Eastern Anatolia". Annual of Armenian Linguistics. 13: 51–54. ISSN 0271-9800.
^Takahito, Prince Mikasa; Avia Taffet; Jak Yakar (1998). "Politics and religion in Urartu". Essays on Ancient Anatolia in the Second Millennium B.C. Vol. 10. Chūkintō-Bunka-Sentā Tōkyō: Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 133–140. ISBN 9783447039673. ISSN 0177-1647. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Nunn, Astrid (2011-05-15). "« The Median 'Empire', the End of Urartu and Cyrus the Great's Campaign in 547 BC (Nabonidus Chronicle II 16) ». Ancient West & East 7, 2008, p. 51-66". Abstracta Iranica. Revue bibliographique pour le domaine irano-aryen (in French). 31. doi:10.4000/abstractairanica.39422. ISSN 0240-8910. Après citation des passages pertinents, analyse des toponymes et une nouvelle lecture de la Chronique de Nabonide II 16, dont le nom géographique clef doit être lu « Urartu », il reste : Cyrus le Grand a « marché vers Urartu et vaincu son roi ». Urartu n'a donc pas été détruit par les Mèdes à la fin du VIIe s. mais a continué à exister comme entité politique jusqu'au milieu du VIe s. La Chronique de Nabonide (II 16) montre bien que la conquête de Cyrus le Grand mit fin à ce royaume.
^Eberhard Schrader, The Cuneiform inscriptions and the Old Testament (1885), p. 65.
^ abCite error: The named reference :1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture. Mallory, J. P., Adams, Douglas Q. London: Fitzroy Dearborn. 1997. pp. 30. ISBN 978-1884964985. OCLC 37931209. Armenian presence in their historical seats should then be sought at some time before c 600 BC; ... Armenian phonology, for instance, appears to have been greatly affected by Urartian, which may suggest a long period of bilingualism.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
^Robert Drews. Militarism and the Indo-Europeanizing of Europe. Routledge. 2017. p. 228. "The vernacular of the Great Kingdom of Biainili was quite certainly Armenian. The Armenian language was obviously the region's vernacular in the fifth century BC, when Persian commanders and Greek writers paired it with Phrygian. That it was brought into the region between the early sixth and the early fifth century BC, and that it immediately obliterated whatever else had been spoken there, can hardly be supposed; ... Because Proto-Armenian speakers seem to have lived not far from Hurrian speakers our conclusion must be that the Armenian language of Mesrop Mashtots was descended from an Indo--European language that had been spoken in southern Caucasia in the Bronze Age."
^Hrach Martirosyan (2013). "The place of Armenian in the Indo-European language family: the relationship with Greek and Indo-Iranian*" Leiden University. p. 85-86.
^Petrosyan, Armen. "The Armenian Elements in the Language and Onomastics of Urartu." Aramazd: Armenian Journal of Near Eastern Studies. 2010. [1]
^Redgate, Anne Elizabeth (2000). The Armenians. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-631-22037-4., p. 276.
^ abZimansky, Paul E. (2011-01-01). "Urartu". The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780195065121.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-506512-1. Retrieved 2018-11-22.
^Jacobson, Esther (1995). The Art of the Scythians: The Interpenetration of Cultures at the Edge of the Hellenic World. BRILL. p. 33. ISBN 9789004098565.
^Zimansky, Paul E. (2011-01-01). "Urartu". The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780195065121.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-506512-1. Retrieved 2018-11-22.
Urartu (/ʊˈrɑːrtuː/; Assyrian: māt Urarṭu, Babylonian: Urashtu, Hebrew: אֲרָרָט Ararat) was an Iron Age kingdom centered around Lake Van in the Armenian...
Football Club Urartu (Armenian: Ուրարտու Ֆուտբոլային Ակումբ, translated Futbolayin Akumb Urartu), commonly known as Urartu, is an Armenian professional...
Aytsemnik Urartu (Armenian: Այծեմնիկ Ուրարտու) (1899–1974) was an Armenian sculptor. On her death, Urartu was buried at Yerevan City Pantheon. "Sculpture"...
The art of Urartu refers to a historical and regional type of art from Urartu (Ararat), the ancient state of Western Asia which existed in the period from...
Aramu (Armenian: Արամե) (Ruled 858–844 BC) was the first known king of Urartu. Living at the time of King Shalmaneser III of Assyria (ruled 859–824 BC)...
Urartu religion is a belief system adopted in the ancient state of Urartu, which existed from the 8th to 6th centuries BC. It was typical of despotic...
Urartu Stadium (Armenian: Ուրարտու Մարզադաշտ) is an all-seater football stadium in the Malatia-Sebastia District of Yerevan, Armenia. The stadium is home...
Ishpuini (also Ishpuinis) (r. 828 – 810 BCE) was king of Urartu. He succeeded his father, Sarduri I, who moved the capital to Tushpa (Van). Ishpuini conquered...
[variations exist]), also rendered Meinua or Minua, was the fifth known king of Urartu from c. 810 BC to approximately 786 BC. In Armenian, Menua is rendered as...
Triticum urartu, also known as red wild einkorn wheat, and a form of einkorn wheat, is a grass species related to wheat, and native to western Asia. It...
Argishti I (Armenian: Արգիշտի Ա), was the sixth known king of Urartu, reigning from 786 BC to 764 BC. He founded the citadel of Erebuni in 782 BC, which...
Urartu Basketball Club (Armenian: Ուրարտու բասկետբոլային ակումբ), also currently known as Urartu Vivaro for sponsorship reasons, is a professional basketball...
This article lists the kings of Urartu (Ararat or Kingdom of Van), an Iron Age kingdom centered on Lake Van in eastern Asia Minor. Arame (also Aramu, Arama)...
Rusa II was king of Urartu between around 680 BC and 639 BC. It was during his reign that the massive fortress complex, Karmir-Blur, was constructed. Rusa...
kings of Urartu referred to their kingdom as Nairi instead of the native self-appellation Bianili. However, the exact relationship between Urartu and Nairi...
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Rusa I (ruled: 735–714 BC) was a King of Urartu. He succeeded his father, king Sarduri II. His name is sometimes transliterated as Rusas or Rusha. He was...
Urartu Yerevan is an ice hockey team in Yerevan, Armenia. The team participates in the Armenian Hockey League. Urartu was founded in 2005, and since then...
The economy of Urartu refers to the principles of management of Urartu, the ancient state of Western Asia which existed from the thirteenth to the sixth...
entire territory of "Uruatri". Urartu re-emerged in Assyrian inscriptions in the 9th century BC. Starting from 714 BC, the Urartu state began to decline and...
loan deal from Lori. In the summer 2020, Iwu moved to the Urartu. On 16 July 2023, Iwu left Urartu by mutual consent to join Rubin Kazan. On 16 July 2023...
Sarduri III was a king of Urartu between 639 BC and 635 BC. Urartian King Argishti II left a record of fourteen years of his reign on the walls of chambers...