Southern Germany, northern and central Switzerland, Austria, Liechtenstein, Northern Italy (South Tyrol), France (Alsace)
Linguistic classification
Indo-European
Germanic
West Germanic
High German
Upper German
Early form
since the New High German time: Old High German and Middle High German
Subdivisions
Alemannic
Swabian
Bavarian
East Franconian (since the Middle High German time; in the Old High German time classified as Central German)[1][2]
South Franconian (sometimes included;[3] sometimes classified as Central German[1][2])
Glottolog
high1286
Upper German after 1945 and the expulsions of the Germans.
High Franconian:
1: East Franconian
2: South Franconian
Alemannic:
3: Swabian German
4: Low Alemannic
5: High and Highest Alemannic
Bavarian:
6: Northern Bavarian
7: Central Bavarian
8: Southern Bavarian
Upper German (German: Oberdeutsch[ˈoːbɐdɔʏtʃ]ⓘ) is a family of High German dialects spoken primarily in the southern German-speaking area (Sprachraum).
^ abPeter Ernst: Deutsche Sprachgeschichte: Eine Einführung in die diachrone Sprachwissenschaft des Deutschen. 3rd ed., UTB / facultas Verlag, 2021, p. 76 [about Old and early Middle High German]
^ abHeinz Mettke: Mittelhochdeutsche Grammatik. 8. Aufl., Tübingen, 2000, p. 20ff. [the grammar is about Middle High German, but the dialectal overview more general]
^Thordis Hennings: Einführung in das Mittelhochdeutsche. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin/Boston, 2020, p. 5–7 [about Middle High German], having: „Das Oberdeutsche: [..] das Alemannische, Bairische, Südrheinfränkische und Ostfränkische.“
UpperGerman (German: Oberdeutsch [ˈoːbɐdɔʏtʃ] ) is a family of High German dialects spoken primarily in the southern German-speaking area (Sprachraum)...
Upper Saxon (German: Obersächsisch, pronounced [ˈoːbɐˌzɛksɪʃ]; Upper Saxon: [ɵːb̥oˤˈsɛɡ̊sʃ]) is an East Central German dialect spoken in much of the modern...
Standard German is based on a combination of Thuringian-Upper Saxon and Upper Franconian dialects, which are Central German and UpperGerman dialects...
varieties of German are conventionally grouped into UpperGerman, Central German and Low German; Upper and Central German form the High German subgroup....
Central and UpperGerman East Franconian South Franconian UpperGerman (German: Oberdeutsch) Alemannic in the broad sense or West UpperGerman (German: Westoberdeutsch)...
High Franconian or Upper Franconian (German: Oberfränkisch) is a part of High German consisting of East Franconian and South Franconian. It is spoken...
German languages Old High German† & Middle High German† UpperGerman High Franconian East Franconian German South Franconian German Alemannic German Swabian...
(Low German/Low Franconian) by the Benrath line isogloss and separated from Southern Germany (UpperGerman) by the Speyer line. Central German is spoken...
Hutterite German (German: Hutterisch) is an UpperGerman dialect of the Bavarian variety of the German language, which is spoken by Hutterite communities...
of Alemannic German (which includes Swiss German) or Bavarian (which includes Austrian), but most are found throughout the UpperGerman area, and some...
South Franconian (German: Südfränkisch) or South Rhine Franconian (German: Südrheinfränkisch) is an UpperGerman dialect which is spoken in the northernmost...
edges, West Central German varieties border on an area often considered a transitional area between Central German and UpperGerman, comprising the dialect...
Central German and UpperGerman. The same goes only for South Franconian German in adjacent Baden-Württemberg. East Franconian is one of the German dialects...
Forest in Germany). Complete the High German consonant shift by fricativising initial /k/ to [x]. Subvariants: Bernese German Zürich German Vorarlbergisch...
Low Alemannic German (German: Niederalemannisch) is a branch of Alemannic German, which is part of UpperGerman. Its varieties are only partly intelligible...
Austrian German (German: Österreichisches Deutsch), Austrian Standard German (ASG), Standard Austrian German (Österreichisches Standarddeutsch), Austrian...
Swabian (German: Schwäbisch [ˈʃvɛːbɪʃ] ) is one of the dialect groups of UpperGerman, sometimes one of the dialect groups of Alemannic German (in the...
Bavarian (German: Bairisch [ˈbaɪʁɪʃ] ; Bavarian: Boarisch or Boirisch), alternately Austro-Bavarian, is a major group of UpperGerman varieties spoken...
The German Bundesrat (German: [ˈbʊndəsˌʁaːt] , lit. 'Federal Council') is a legislative body that represents the sixteen Länder (federated states) of Germany...
Southern Germany (German: Süddeutschland, pronounced [ˈzyːtˌdɔɪ̯t͡ʃlant] ) is a region of Germany that included the areas in which UpperGerman dialects...
Old High German (OHG; German: Althochdeutsch (Ahdt., Ahd.)) is the earliest stage of the German language, conventionally identified as the period from...
Walser German (German: Walserdeutsch) and Walliser German (Walliserdeutsch, locally Wallisertiitsch) are a group of Highest Alemannic dialects spoken in...
The official language of Germany is German, with over 95 percent of the country speaking Standard German or a dialect of German as their first language...
Saxony (where it is more common than Müller). Bauer leads in eastern UpperGerman-speaking Bavaria. Rarer names tend to accumulate in the north and south...
of German-speaking Switzerland (Swiss Plateau), except for the Highest Alemannic dialects in the Swiss Alps and for the Low Alemannic (Basel German) dialect...
Germanic High German languages (includes Standard German and its dialects) UpperGerman Alemannic German (includes Alsatian and Swiss German) Bavarian Mòcheno...
of Alemannic German and is often considered to be part of the German language, even though mutual intelligibility with Standard German and other non-Alemannic...
Limes Germanicus Interactive map of the Deutsche Limeskommission The UpperGerman-Raetian border wall 50°18′00″N 7°48′00″E / 50.3000°N 7.8000°E / 50...
Franconian, and Irminonic, from the Irminones, which developed into UpperGerman. Broadly speaking, the changes that characterise the Ingvaeonic languages...
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