A value is a universal value if it has the same value or worth for all, or almost all, people. Spheres of human value encompass morality, aesthetic preference, traits, human endeavour, and social order. Whether universal values exist is an unproven conjecture of moral philosophy and cultural anthropology, though it is clear that certain values are found across a great diversity of human cultures, such as primary attributes of physical attractiveness (e.g. youthfulness, symmetry) whereas other attributes (e.g. slenderness) are subject to aesthetic relativism as governed by cultural norms. This objection is not limited to aesthetics. Relativism concerning morals is known as moral relativism, a philosophical stance opposed to the existence of universal moral values.
The claim for universal values can be understood in two different ways. First, it could be that something has a universal value when everybody finds it valuable. This was Isaiah Berlin's understanding of the term. According to Berlin, "...universal values....are values that a great many human beings in the vast majority of places and situations, at almost all times, do in fact hold in common, whether consciously and explicitly or as expressed in their behaviour..."[1] Second, something could have universal value when all people have reason to believe it has value. Amartya Sen interprets the term in this way, pointing out that when Mahatma Gandhi argued that non-violence is a universal value, he was arguing that all people have reason to value non-violence, not that all people currently value non-violence.[2] Many different things have been claimed to be of universal value, for example, fertility,[3] pleasure,[4] and democracy.[5] The issue of whether anything is of universal value, and, if so, what that thing or those things are, is relevant to psychology, political science, and philosophy, among other fields.
A value is a universalvalue if it has the same value or worth for all, or almost all, people. Spheres of human value encompass morality, aesthetic preference...
under Western values, or the application of really universal or universalist constructs, such as human rights or international law. Universalism has had an...
necessarily value monist; many forms of universalism, such as utilitarianism, are non-absolutist, and some forms, such as that of Isaiah Berlin, may be value pluralist...
safety net Speenhamland system The Triple Revolution Universal inheritance UniversalvalueUniversalism Wage subsidy Welfare capitalism Working time "Improving...
Unitarian Universalism, a liberal religion characterized by a "free and responsible search for truth and meaning" Universalvalue HTC Universal, a Pocket...
The theory of basic human values is a theory of cross-cultural psychology and universalvalues that was developed by Shalom H. Schwartz. The theory extends...
to be declared World Heritage Site, it must demonstrate exceptional universalvalue; that is, an extraordinary importance transcending national borders...
Universal design is the design of buildings, products or environments to make them accessible to people, regardless of age, disability or other factors...
The gravitational constant (also known as the universal gravitational constant, the Newtonian constant of gravitation, or the Cavendish gravitational...
Universal Orlando Resort, often shortened to Universal Orlando, is a 541-acre (219 ha) theme park and entertainment resort complex located in Orlando,...
Christian universalism is a school of Christian theology focused around the doctrine of universal reconciliation – the view that all human beings will...
Universal City Studios LLC, doing business as Universal Pictures (informally as Universal Studios or also known simply as Universal) is an American film...
calculate the early value of the constant. However, the origin of the letter R to represent the constant is elusive. The universal gas constant was apparently...
Christian theology, universal reconciliation (also called universal salvation, Christian universalism, or in context simply universalism) is the doctrine...
universal indicator is a pH indicator made of a solution of several compounds that exhibit various smooth colour changes over a wide range pH values to...
conservatism Universalvalue Westernization The White Man's Burden White savior Kent, Ann (2008), Avonius, Leena; Kingsbury, Damien (eds.), "Chinese Values and...
Universal Music Group N.V. (often abbreviated as UMG and referred to as Universal Music Group or Universal Music) is a Dutch–American multinational music...
Coordinated Universal Time or UTC is the primary time standard globally used to regulate clocks and time. It establishes a reference for the current time...
has one set of ten criteria. Nominated sites must be of "outstanding universalvalue" and must meet at least one of the ten criteria. "To represent a masterpiece...
proclaimed by UNESCO as an intangible heritage possessing outstanding universalvalue. In 2008, it was inscribed in the UNESCO Representative List of the...
Universal suffrage or universal franchise ensures the right to vote for as many people bound by a government's laws as possible, as supported by the "one...
historical events, some of which are millennia old, these sites are of high universalvalue; they are visited by many pilgrims, both laymen and the clergy (prominently...
domain. It asserts that a predicate within the scope of a universal quantifier is true of every value of a predicate variable. It is usually denoted by the...
Organization (UNESCO) designates World Heritage Sites of outstanding universalvalue to cultural or natural heritage which have been nominated by countries...
A value chain is a progression of activities that a business or firm performs in order to deliver goods and services of value to an end customer. The...
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