United States foreign policy in the Middle East information
Activities and objectives of the United States in the Middle East
U.S. Marines on guard duty in April 2003 near a burning oil well in the Rumaila oil field of Basra, Iraq, following the 2003 U.S. invasion and during the Iraq War.
United States foreign policy in the Middle East has its roots in the early 19th-century Tripolitan War that occurred shortly after the 1776 establishment of the United States as an independent sovereign state, but became much more expansive in the aftermath of World War II. With the goal of preventing the Soviet Union from gaining influence in the region during the Cold War, American foreign policy saw the deliverance of extensive support in various forms to anti-communist and anti-Soviet regimes; among the top priorities for the U.S. with regards to this goal was its support for the State of Israel against its Soviet-backed neighbouring Arab countries during the peak of the Arab–Israeli conflict. The U.S. also came to replace the United Kingdom as the main security patron for Saudi Arabia as well as the other Arab states of the Persian Gulf in the 1960s and 1970s in order to ensure, among other goals, a stable flow of oil from the Persian Gulf.[1] As of 2023[update], the U.S. has diplomatic relations with every country in the Middle East except for Iran, with whom relations were severed after the 1979 Islamic Revolution, and Syria, with whom relations were suspended in 2012 following the outbreak of the Syrian Civil War.
American influence in the Greater Middle East has reduced in recent years, most significantly since the Arab Spring,[2] yet is still substantial.[3] Currently stated priorities of the U.S. government in the Middle East include resolving the Israeli–Palestinian conflict and limiting the spread of weapons of mass destruction[4] among regional states, particularly Iran.
^"An Agent-Based Model of the Acquisition of U.S. Client States" (PDF). University of Washington. 2003.
^Jenkins, Brian Michael (16 September 2013). "Ten Reasons America's Influence Has Fallen in the Middle East". Slate Magazine.
^Byman, Daniel; Bjerg Moller, Sara (2016). "The United States and the Middle East: Interests, Risks, and Costs". In Valentino, Suri (ed.). Sustainable Security: Rethinking American National Security Strategy. pp. 263–309.
^Hunt, Jonathan (15 April 2017). "How Weapons of Mass Destruction Became 'Red Lines' for America". The Atlantic.
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