Gauge fixing used in theories with spontaneous symmetry breaking
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In theoretical physics, the unitarity gauge or unitary gauge is a particular choice of a gauge fixing in a gauge theory with a spontaneous symmetry breaking. In this gauge, the scalar fields responsible for the Higgs mechanism are transformed into a basis in which their Goldstone boson components are set to zero. In other words, the unitarity gauge makes the manifest number of scalar degrees of freedom minimal.
The gauge was introduced to particle physics by Steven Weinberg[1][2] in the context of the electroweak theory. In electroweak theory, the degrees of freedom in a unitarity gauge are the massive spin-1 W+, W− and Z bosons with three polarizations each, the photon with two polarizations, and the scalar Higgs boson.
The unitarity gauge is usually used in tree-level calculations. For loop calculations, other gauge choices such as the 't Hooft–Feynman gauge often reduce the mathematical complexity of the calculation.
^Weinberg, Steven (1971). "Physical Processes in a Convergent Theory of the Weak and Electromagnetic Interactions". Physical Review Letters. 27 (24): 1688–1691. Bibcode:1971PhRvL..27.1688W. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.27.1688.
^Weinberg, Steven (1973). "General Theory of Broken Local Symmetries". Physical Review D. 7 (4): 1068–1082. Bibcode:1973PhRvD...7.1068W. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.7.1068.
the unitaritygauge or unitary gauge is a particular choice of a gauge fixing in a gauge theory with a spontaneous symmetry breaking. In this gauge, the...
of quantum field theory Standard Model (mathematical formulation) Unitaritygauge Weinberg angle Yang–Mills theory The particular number 246 GeV is taken...
involving Faddeev–Popov ghosts must be considered too (except in the unitaritygauge). Detailed computations with the above-mentioned Lagrangian show that...
essential to explain the generation mechanism of the property "mass" for gauge bosons. Without the Higgs mechanism, all bosons (one of the two classes...
hidden within the shape of the potential, that is very important. In a unitaritygauge one can set ϕ + = 0 {\displaystyle \phi ^{+}=0} and make ϕ 0 {\displaystyle...
quantum mechanical properties of locality and unitarity. In amplituhedron theory, locality and unitarity arise as a direct consequence of positivity. They...
twistor-space methods applied to gauge-theory amplitudes. Bern and colleagues developed the method of "generalized unitarity as a means for obtaining loop...
to: Unitarity (physics), a restriction on any theory in physics that all probabilities must sum to one Unitary gauge, a particular choice of a gauge fixing...
Grojean, C.; Pilo, L.; Terning, J.; Terning, John (2004). "Gauge theories on an interval: Unitarity without a Higgs". Physical Review D. 69 (5): 055006. arXiv:hep-ph/0305237...
relatively rigorous mathematical approach to quantizing a field theory with a gauge symmetry. Quantization rules in earlier quantum field theory (QFT) frameworks...
Grojean, C.; Murayama, H.; Pilo, L.; Terning, John (2004), "Gauge theories on an interval: Unitarity without a Higgs", Physical Review D, 69 (5): 055006, arXiv:hep-ph/0305237...
usually referred to as unitarity of time evolution. The apparent contradiction between Hawking's calculation and the unitarity postulate of quantum mechanics...
{\displaystyle \,V_{ij}\,} denote the corresponding CKM matrix coefficients. Unitarity of the CKM matrix implies that | V ud | 2 + | V us | 2 + | V ub | 2...
Grojean, C.; Pilo, L.; Terning, J.; Terning, John (2004), "Gauge theories on an interval: Unitarity without a Higgs", Physical Review D, 69 (5): 055006, arXiv:hep-ph/0305237...
field theories, unitarity is equivalent to reflection positivity of correlation functions: one of the Osterwalder-Schrader axioms. Unitarity implies that...
Becchi, C.; Rouet, A.; Stora, R. (1974). "The abelian Higgs Kibble model, unitarity of the S-operator". Physics Letters B. 52 (3): 344–346. Bibcode:1974PhLB...
10.1823. ISSN 0556-2821. D'Hoker, Eric; Giddings, Steven B. (1987). "Unitarity of the closed bosonic Polyakov string". Nuclear Physics B. 291. Elsevier...
ISBN 978-3-319-06129-0. with Rouet, Stora: The Abelian Higgs-Kibble-Model. Unitarity of the S-Operator, Physics Letters B, Vol.52, 1974, pp. 344–346 doi:10...
theory, there are no local quantities at all. Heisenberg proposed to use unitarity to determine the S-matrix. In all conceivable situations, the sum of the...
main railway network consists of 4,114 kilometres (2,556 mi) of standard gauge lines, of which 242 kilometres (150 mi) is double track and 64 kilometres...
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